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This unique book provides a concise account of Indian Paleogene and
presents a unified view of the Paleogene sequences of India. The
Paleogene, comprising the early part of the Cenozoic Era, was the
most dynamic period in the Earth's history with profound changes in
the biosphere and geosphere. The period spans ~42 million years,
beginning from post- K/T mass extinction event at ~65 Ma and ending
at ~23 Ma, when the first Antarctic ice sheet appeared in the
Southern Hemisphere. The early Paleogene (Paleocene-Eocene) has
been considered a globally warm period, superimposed on which were
several transient hyperthermal events of extreme warmth. Of these,
the Palaeocene Eocene Thermal Maxima (PETM) boundary interval is
the most prominent extreme warming episode, lasting 200 Ka. PETM is
characterized by 2-60/00 global negative carbon isotope excursion.
The event coincided with the Benthic Extinction Event (BEE) in deep
sea and Larger Foraminifera Turnover (LFT) in shallow seas. Rapid
~60-80 warming of high latitudinal regions led to major faunal and
floral turnovers in continental, shallow-marine and deep-marine
areas. The emergence and dispersal of mammals with modern
characteristics, including Artiodactyls, Perissodactyls and
Primates (APP), and the evolution and expansion of tropical
vegetation are some of the significant features of the Paleogene
warm world. In the Indian subcontinent, the beginning and end of
the Paleogene was marked by various events that shaped the various
physiographic features of the Indian subcontinent. The subcontinent
lay within the equatorial zone during the earliest part of the
Paleogene. Carbonaceous shale, coal and lignite deposits of early
Eocene age (~55.5-52 Ma) on the western and north-eastern margins
of the Indian subcontinent are rich in fossils and provide
information on climate as well as the evolution and
paleobiogeography of tropical biota. Indian Paleogene deposits in
the India-Asia collision zone also provide information pertaining
to the paleogeography and timing of collision. Indian Paleogene
rocks are exposed in the Himalayan and Arakan mountains; Assam and
the shelf basins of Kutch-Saurashtra, Western Rajasthan;
Tiruchirappalli-Pondicherry and Andaman and, though aerially
limited, these rocks bear geological evidence of immense
importance.
This unique book provides a concise account of Indian Paleogene and
presents a unified view of the Paleogene sequences of India. The
Paleogene, comprising the early part of the Cenozoic Era, was the
most dynamic period in the Earth's history with profound changes in
the biosphere and geosphere. The period spans ~42 million years,
beginning from post- K/T mass extinction event at ~65 Ma and ending
at ~23 Ma, when the first Antarctic ice sheet appeared in the
Southern Hemisphere. The early Paleogene (Paleocene-Eocene) has
been considered a globally warm period, superimposed on which were
several transient hyperthermal events of extreme warmth. Of these,
the Palaeocene Eocene Thermal Maxima (PETM) boundary interval is
the most prominent extreme warming episode, lasting 200 Ka. PETM is
characterized by 2-60/00 global negative carbon isotope excursion.
The event coincided with the Benthic Extinction Event (BEE) in deep
sea and Larger Foraminifera Turnover (LFT) in shallow seas. Rapid
~60-80 warming of high latitudinal regions led to major faunal and
floral turnovers in continental, shallow-marine and deep-marine
areas. The emergence and dispersal of mammals with modern
characteristics, including Artiodactyls, Perissodactyls and
Primates (APP), and the evolution and expansion of tropical
vegetation are some of the significant features of the Paleogene
warm world. In the Indian subcontinent, the beginning and end of
the Paleogene was marked by various events that shaped the various
physiographic features of the Indian subcontinent. The subcontinent
lay within the equatorial zone during the earliest part of the
Paleogene. Carbonaceous shale, coal and lignite deposits of early
Eocene age (~55.5-52 Ma) on the western and north-eastern margins
of the Indian subcontinent are rich in fossils and provide
information on climate as well as the evolution and
paleobiogeography of tropical biota. Indian Paleogene deposits in
the India-Asia collision zone also provide information pertaining
to the paleogeography and timing of collision. Indian Paleogene
rocks are exposed in the Himalayan and Arakan mountains; Assam and
the shelf basins of Kutch-Saurashtra, Western Rajasthan;
Tiruchirappalli-Pondicherry and Andaman and, though aerially
limited, these rocks bear geological evidence of immense
importance.
The present work describes synthesis of copper alginate-cotton
cellulose and chitosan attached cotton composite fibers and
detailed investigation of antimicrobial action against the model
bacteria E.coli. The fibers were prepared by different techniques.
The resulting fibers were investigated for their biocidal action
against E.coli, by using zone inhibition and colonies counting
method. Finally, fibers were reduced with sodium borohydride to
yield copper nanoparticles- loaded composite fibers and
investigated for biocidal action. It was found that these fibers
possessed both, the fair mechanical strength and antibacterial
action. The extent of biocidal action was found to depend upon the
amount of Cu(II) loaded and concentration of alginate into cotton-
cellulose fibers. The fibers showed higher Cu(II) release in
physiological fluid as compared to distilled water. Copper
alginate-cotton cellulose (CACC) fibers show fair mechanical
strength and release copper ions in the presence of physiological
fluid and protein solution. These fibers have great potential to be
used as dressing materials.
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