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India ranks third in the number of people living with HIV/AIDS
globally. The country has high levels of poverty and inequality,
poor healthcare infrastructure, especially away from the
metropolitan areas, and a legacy of colonialism that bequeathed
laws criminalizing non-heteronormative sexualities. These factors
mean that many minority groups do not receive adequate access to
preventative and treatment programs. This book explores the
HIV/AIDS epidemic in India. Based on research in Tamil Nadu, it
presents experiences of those marginalized by their sexuality and/
or gender, their struggles and their triumphs. Based on interviews
with male and female sex-workers, men who have sex with men,
aravanis (male to female transgenders) and HIV positive
women-groups usually not included in the policy-making by Indian
government agencies, international donors and international
NGOs-the author uses an interdisciplinary approach. The approach
highlights the historical and cultural context, while providing
contemporary narratives. The book thus presents a deeper,
multi-dimensional, understanding of the context of the disease and
comprehends the roots of the stigma and discrimination that
exacerbate the epidemic. An important study of the global HIV/AIDS
epidemic, this book will be of interest to researchers in the field
of South Asian Studies, Sexuality and Gender Studies, Health
Sciences and Public Health.
Global estimates of human trafficking range from 600,000 to four
million victims each year with the majority being victims of sex
trafficking. This strikingly large range belies the difficulty in
gathering, defining, and accountability of sex-trafficking data.
Victims of sex trafficking may be forced into pornography,
prostitution for the military or militia, spousal prostitution, and
prostitution for the sex-tourism industry. In response to the
problem of sex trafficking, many nations have either misunderstood
the definition or failed to comprehend the magnitude that have
occurs within their borders. The United Nations has defined 'human
trafficking' as 'the recruitment, transfer, harboring or receipt of
persons by threat or use of force.' Similarly, the U.S. State
Department's Trafficking Victims Protection Act 2000 describes
severe forms of trafficking as: (a) sex trafficking in which a
commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in
which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18
years of age; or (b) the recruitment, harboring, transportation,
provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through
the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection
to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. In Sex
Trafficking: A Global Perspective, sex trafficking is discussed in
terms of its multiple purposes and its victims. The essays provide
information to build upon the limited knowledge-base on the subject
of sex trafficking and the legislative responses to human
trafficking by the various highlighted countries. This collection
is unique because it serves the needs of those studying human
trafficking from a global perspective by targeting the issue within
every geographic region, it provides a general profile of
geographic regions in terms of demographic characteristics and
political conditions that may support the growth of sex
trafficking, and it is written on a basic information-supply-level
to provide readers with a foundation on human trafficking
throughout the world.
Global estimates of human trafficking range from 600,000 to four
million victims each year with the majority being victims of sex
trafficking. This strikingly large range belies the difficulty in
gathering, defining, and accountability of sex-trafficking data.
Victims of sex trafficking may be forced into pornography,
prostitution for the military or militia, spousal prostitution, and
prostitution for the sex-tourism industry. In response to the
problem of sex trafficking, many nations have either misunderstood
the definition or failed to comprehend the magnitude that have
occurs within their borders. The United Nations has defined "human
trafficking" as "the recruitment, transfer, harboring or receipt of
persons by threat or use of force." Similarly, the U.S. State
Department's Trafficking Victims Protection Act 2000 describes
severe forms of trafficking as: (a) sex trafficking in which a
commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in
which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18
years of age; or (b) the recruitment, harboring, transportation,
provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through
the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection
to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. In Sex
Trafficking: A Global Perspective, sex trafficking is discussed in
terms of its multiple purposes and its victims. The essays provide
information to build upon the limited knowledge-base on the subject
of sex trafficking and the legislative responses to human
trafficking by the various highlighted countries. This collection
is unique because it serves the needs of those studying human
trafficking from a global perspective by targeting the issue within
every geographic region, it provides a general profile of
geographic regions in terms of demographic characteristics and
political conditions that may support the growth of sex
trafficking, and it is written on a basic information-supply-level
to provide readers with a fo
India ranks third in the number of people living with HIV/AIDS
globally. The country has high levels of poverty and inequality,
poor healthcare infrastructure, especially away from the
metropolitan areas, and a legacy of colonialism that bequeathed
laws criminalizing non-heteronormative sexualities. These factors
mean that many minority groups do not receive adequate access to
preventative and treatment programs. This book explores the
HIV/AIDS epidemic in India. Based on research in Tamil Nadu, it
presents experiences of those marginalized by their sexuality and/
or gender, their struggles and their triumphs. Based on interviews
with male and female sex-workers, men who have sex with men,
aravanis (male to female transgenders) and HIV positive
women-groups usually not included in the policy-making by Indian
government agencies, international donors and international
NGOs-the author uses an interdisciplinary approach. The approach
highlights the historical and cultural context, while providing
contemporary narratives. The book thus presents a deeper,
multi-dimensional, understanding of the context of the disease and
comprehends the roots of the stigma and discrimination that
exacerbate the epidemic. An important study of the global HIV/AIDS
epidemic, this book will be of interest to researchers in the field
of South Asian Studies, Sexuality and Gender Studies, Health
Sciences and Public Health.
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