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Originally published in 1995, this book follows the preceding 4
volumes (Aisa, Africa, Latin America and Developed Countries) and
discusses technological transformation in development history. It
looks back on two centuries of history of the emergence of
developed countries and examines the various aspects determining
the speed, size and shape of the historical process of
transformation in developed countries after World War 2.
Originally published in 1993, this book contains 3 studies from
Latin America: Mexico, Puerto Rico and Venezuela. These studies
bring out sharply the processes at work in Latin America between
1950 and 1980, which were responsible for the crisis that the
continent faced in the 1980s. In each case there was a striking
failure in building up national technological capability so that
the country could grapple with the problems it faced.
Originally published in 1993, this book contains 3 studies from
Finland, Greece and Japan. These countries were chosen because they
experienced their technological transformation mainly during the
20th Century and it was considered that their experience would have
some relevant lessons for the countries of the third world. Special
attention is paid to Japan as its example has great relevance both
for development theory and practical strategies.
Originally published in 1993, this book contains 4 studies on Asia:
Bangladesh, India, South Korea and Sri Lanka. The studies reflect 4
different patterns of technological transformation. India, with its
large populaiton has made considerable progress but its overall
development has been slow until recently. At the other extreme,
South Korea which had a very low per capita income in the 1950s
registered a quantum leap in technological transformation within a
short span of 30 years. The heritage of Bangladesh's past has
constrained its progress in overcoming structural weaknesses but in
comparison, Sri Lanka displays a very different pattern. The
sources used draw upon research in development economics, economic
history, technology and studies in general and country studies in
particular.
Originally published in 1993, this book contains 3 studies on
Africa: Algeria, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. The studies underline the
difficulties which Africa has faced in initiating its technological
transformation. During the post WW2 period liberation from
colonialism came relatively late and therefore many African
countries did not have the possibility of participating in the
rapid growth of global output and trade. Debt, drought and famine
have put additional burdens on the economic conditions of the
continet. Adverse conditions and poor infrastructure have made the
continent much more vulnerable to both external and internal
disturbances and as a result many countries have not had the
opportunity to make a real beginning towards their transformation.
Originally published in 1993, this book contains 3 studies from
Finland, Greece and Japan. These countries were chosen because they
experienced their technological transformation mainly during the
20th Century and it was considered that their experience would have
some relevant lessons for the countries of the third world. Special
attention is paid to Japan as its example has great relevance both
for development theory and practical strategies.
Originally published in 1995, this book follows the preceding 4
volumes (Aisa, Africa, Latin America and Developed Countries) and
discusses technological transformation in development history. It
looks back on two centuries of history of the emergence of
developed countries and examines the various aspects determining
the speed, size and shape of the historical process of
transformation in developed countries after World War 2.
Originally published in 1993, this book contains 3 studies from
Latin America: Mexico, Puerto Rico and Venezuela. These studies
bring out sharply the processes at work in Latin America between
1950 and 1980, which were responsible for the crisis that the
continent faced in the 1980s. In each case there was a striking
failure in building up national technological capability so that
the country could grapple with the problems it faced.
Originally published in 1993, this book contains 3 studies on
Africa: Algeria, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. The studies underline the
difficulties which Africa has faced in initiating its technological
transformation. During the post WW2 period liberation from
colonialism came relatively late and therefore many African
countries did not have the possibility of participating in the
rapid growth of global output and trade. Debt, drought and famine
have put additional burdens on the economic conditions of the
continet. Adverse conditions and poor infrastructure have made the
continent much more vulnerable to both external and internal
disturbances and as a result many countries have not had the
opportunity to make a real beginning towards their transformation.
Originally published in 1993, this book contains 4 studies on Asia:
Bangladesh, India, South Korea and Sri Lanka. The studies reflect 4
different patterns of technological transformation. India, with its
large populaiton has made considerable progress but its overall
development has been slow until recently. At the other extreme,
South Korea which had a very low per capita income in the 1950s
registered a quantum leap in technological transformation within a
short span of 30 years. The heritage of Bangladesh's past has
constrained its progress in overcoming structural weaknesses but in
comparison, Sri Lanka displays a very different pattern. The
sources used draw upon research in development economics, economic
history, technology and studies in general and country studies in
particular.
The distribution of technology among enterprises and nations lies
at the heart of international economic relations, affecting trade,
investment, finance and economic policies, and is affected in turn
by the political relations between nations. The need for effective
transfer of technology to developing countries has acquired renewed
urgency in recent years as production becomes increasingly
knowledge-intensive and competition is determined more and more by
the ability of enterprises to learn, to acquire and use knowledge,
and to innovate. Access to knowledge has become key to economic
success in the marketplace. This text discusses the background,
objectives, approaches and progress achieved in the decade-long
negotiations on an International Code of Conduct on the Transfer of
Technology which took place under the aegis of UNCTAD. It examines
the impact and continued relevance of the Code negotiations to
subsequent policy and legislative instruments on international
technology transfer, both at domestic and international levels, and
identifies and examine emerging trends and negotiating agendas that
will help to shape the future of international technological
co-operation. The central question posed by the initiators of the
Draft Code of Conduct is still relevant today - how can we
facilitate a just and mutually beneficial system of technology flow
in a world of rapid change and increasing gaps in the technological
capability of developed and developing countries? The need for
marginalized countries to access knowledge in order to learn,
adjust and integrate effectively into the world economic system
must be balanced with the vital need to reward inventors and
innovators to ensure the continued generation of knowledge. It is
these issues that will continue to dominate any future discussion
on the international transfer of technology. This book will be a
valuable work of reference on the evolution of international
technological cooperation in the last quarter of the 20th century,
as well as a useful guide to policymakers, scholars and
international negotiators dealing with these and related issues of
international economic cooperation.
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