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Written by a team of noted historians, these essays explore how ten
20th-century intellectuals and social reformers sought to adapt
such familiar Victorian values as "civilisation", "domesticity",
"conscience" and "improvement" to modern conditions of democracy,
feminism and mass culture. Covering such figures as J.M. Keynes,
E.M. Forster and Lord Reith of the BBC, these interdisciplinary
studies scrutinize the children of the Victorians at a time when
their private assumptions and public positions were under
increasing strain in a rapidly changing world. "After the
Victorians" is written in honour of the late Professor John Clive
of Harvard, and uses, as he did, the method of biography to
connnect the public and private lives of the generations who came
after the Victorians. Peter Mandler is also author of "Aristocratic
Government in the Age of Reform: Whigs and Liberals, 1830-1852",
and editor of "The Uses of Charity: The Poor on Relief in the 19th
Century Metropolis".
Postcolonial states and metropolitan societies still grapple today
with the divisive and difficult legacies unleashed by settler
colonialism.
Whether they were settled for trade or geopolitical reasons, these
settler communities had in common their shaping of landholding,
laws, and race relations in colonies throughout the world. By
looking at the detail of settlements in the twentieth century--from
European colonial projects in Africa and expansionist efforts by
the Japanese in Korea and Manchuria, to the Germans in Poland and
the historical trajectories of Israel/Palestine and South
Africa--and analyzing the dynamics set in motion by these settlers,
the contributors to this volume establish points of comparison to
offer a new framework for understanding the character and fate of
twentieth-century empires.
Written by a team of eminent historians, these essays explore how
ten twentieth-century intellectuals and social reformers sought to
adapt such familiar Victorian values as civilisation',
domesticity', conscience' and improvement' to modern conditions of
democracy, feminism and mass culture. Covering such figures as J.M.
Keynes, E.M. Forster and Lord Reith of the BBC, these
interdisciplinary studies scrutinize the children of the Victorians
at a time when their private assumptions and public positions were
under increasing strain in a rapidly changing world.
After the Victorians is written in honour of the late Professor
John Clive of Harvard, and uses, as he did, the method of biography
to connnect the public and private lives of the generations who
came after the Victorians.
An invaluable addition to the growing literature in the field, this
powerful and thought-provoking study presents a compelling new
interpretation of twentieth-century imperialism. Compiled of
selected essays, historians of Japan, Europe, Africa and the Middle
East show how settler communities have shaped landholding policies,
laws and race relations in colonized territories throughout the
world. Elkins and Pedersen establish an analytical framework for
understanding the impact of settler communities in contexts such as
the European settler projects in Africa, expansionist efforts by
the Japanese in Korea and Manchuria, Nazi attempts to settle ethnic
Germans in Poland and contested settlements in Israel and
Palestine. Settler Colonialism in the Twentieth Century is the
crucial text for understanding the history of imperial expansion in
the last hundred years.
At the end of the First World War, the Paris Peace Conference saw a
battle over the future of empire. The victorious allied powers
wanted to annex the Ottoman territories and German colonies they
had occupied; Woodrow Wilson and a groundswell of anti-imperialist
activism stood in their way. France, Belgium, Japan and the British
dominions reluctantly agreed to an Anglo-American proposal to hold
and administer those allied conquests under "mandate" from the new
League of Nations. In the end, fourteen mandated territories were
set up across the Middle East, Africa and the Pacific. Against all
odds, these disparate and far-flung territories became the site and
the vehicle of global transformation. In this masterful history of
the mandates system, Susan Pedersen illuminates the role the League
of Nations played in creating the modern world. Tracing the system
from its creation in 1920 until its demise in 1939, Pedersen
examines its workings from the realm of international diplomacy;
the viewpoints of the League's experts and officials; and the arena
of local struggles within the territories themselves. Featuring a
cast of larger-than-life figures, including Lord Lugard, King
Faisal, Chaim Weizmann and Ralph Bunche, the narrative sweeps
across the globe-from windswept scrublands along the Orange River
to famine-blighted hilltops in Rwanda to Damascus under French
bombardment-but always returns to Switzerland and the sometimes
vicious battles over ideas of civilization, independence, economic
relations, and sovereignty in the Geneva headquarters. As Pedersen
shows, although the architects and officials of the mandates system
always sought to uphold imperial authority, colonial nationalists,
German revisionists, African-American intellectuals and others were
able to use the platform Geneva offered to challenge their claims.
Amid this cacophony, imperial statesmen began exploring new means -
client states, economic concessions - of securing Western hegemony.
In the end, the mandate system helped to create the world in which
we now live. A riveting work of global history, The Guardians
enables us to look back at the League with new eyes, and in doing
so, appreciate how complex, multivalent, and consequential this
first great experiment in internationalism really was.
Networked computers make interaction between peoples of different
cultures possible on a scale, scope, and speed never before
available. On the other hand, the usual challenges that come with
the cross-cultural nature of interactions are further complicated
by the lack of paralinguistic or non-linguistic clues and
non-verbal behavior, like body language. Online learning is a
growing area of interest worldwide, as it provides learning
opportunities for large groups of people independent of differences
in time, pace, and location. However, difficulties in these
interactions are reported to arise, partly because the dominant
mode of interaction is text-based and stripped of its non-verbal
and visual clues to communication. One indication of effective
online communication in an intercultural learning environment may
be the creation of a third, polycentric culture when materials from
one culture are studied by people in a different culture. This
case-study examines the manifestations of culture in the discourse
of an online course and makes recommendations on course design
features for creation of a third culture.
At the end of the First World War, the Paris Peace Conference saw a
battle over the future of empire. The victorious allied powers
wanted to annex the Ottoman territories and German colonies they
had occupied; Woodrow Wilson and a groundswell of anti-imperialist
activism stood in their way. France, Belgium, Japan and the British
dominions reluctantly agreed to an Anglo-American proposal to hold
and administer those allied conquests under "mandate" from the new
League of Nations. In the end, fourteen mandated territories were
set up across the Middle East, Africa and the Pacific. Against all
odds, these disparate and far-flung territories became the site and
the vehicle of global transformation. In this masterful history of
the mandates system, Susan Pedersen illuminates the role the League
of Nations played in creating the modern world. Tracing the system
from its creation in 1920 until its demise in 1939, Pedersen
examines its workings from the realm of international diplomacy;
the viewpoints of the League's experts and officials; and the arena
of local struggles within the territories themselves. Featuring a
cast of larger-than-life figures, including Lord Lugard, King
Faisal, Chaim Weizmann and Ralph Bunche, the narrative sweeps
across the globe-from windswept scrublands along the Orange River
to famine-blighted hilltops in Rwanda to Damascus under French
bombardment-but always returns to Switzerland and the sometimes
vicious battles over ideas of civilization, independence, economic
relations, and sovereignty in the Geneva headquarters. As Pedersen
shows, although the architects and officials of the mandates system
always sought to uphold imperial authority, colonial nationalists,
German revisionists, African-American intellectuals and others were
able to use the platform Geneva offered to challenge their claims.
Amid this cacophony, imperial statesmen began exploring new means -
client states, economic concessions - of securing Western hegemony.
In the end, the mandate system helped to create the world in which
we now live. A riveting work of global history, The Guardians
enables us to look back at the League with new eyes, and in doing
so, appreciate how complex, multivalent, and consequential this
first great experiment in internationalism really was.
The First World War threw the imperial order into crisis. New
states emerged from the great European land empires, while
Germany's African and Pacific colonies, and the Ottoman provinces
in the Middle East fell into allied hands. Britain, France,
Belgium, Japan, and the British dominions wanted to keep the new
states, but Woodrow Wilson and the millions converted to the ideal
of self-determination thought otherwise. At the Paris Peace
conference of 1919, the allies agreed reluctantly to govern their
new conquests according to international and humanitarian norms and
under 'mandate' from the League of Nations. As The Guardians shows,
this decision had enormous consequences. The allies sought to use
the League to safeguard imperial authority, but that authority was
undermined by the mechanisms for international oversight they had
themselves created. Colonial nationalists and humanitarians
exploited new rights of petition or opportunities for publicity to
expose abuses or scandals; Germans resentful of the loss of their
colonies and Italians eager to found a new empire arrived in Geneva
to demand a repartition of the spoils. As imperial politicians
wearied of continual scandals and crises - revolts in South West
Africa, Syria, Samoa, and Palestine; famine in Rwanda; labour
abuses in New Guinea; extortionate oil contracts in Iraq - they
began to question whether independent states might be easier to
deal with than territories subject to international scrutiny.
Drawing on research in four continents and dozens of archives, and
bringing to life a global network of nationalists, humanitarians,
international bureaucrats, and imperial statesmen, The Guardians
offers an entirely new interpretation of the importance of
international organizations in the emergence of the modern world
order.
When British women demanded the vote in the years before the First
World War, they promised to use political rights to remake their
country and their world. This is the story of Eleanor Rathbone, the
woman who best fulfilled that pledge. Rathbone cut her political
teeth in the suffrage movement in Liverpool, spent two decades
crafting social reforms for poor women and children, and was for
seventeen years their advocate in the House of Commons. She also
played a critical role in imperial policymaking and in the
opposition to appeasement. In the last decade of her life she
sought to rescue Spanish republicans and Jews threatened by
Hitler's rise to power. In this important book, Susan Pedersen
illuminates both the public and private sides of Rathbone's life
while restoring her to her rightful place as the most sophisticated
feminist thinker and most effective British woman politician of the
first half of the twentieth century.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Politik - Sonstige
Themen, Note: 1,3, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswald
(Institut fur Politik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft),
Veranstaltung: Umwelt und Politik, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die
Arbeit untersucht die Einflussfaktoren auf das kommunale
Abfallaufkommen von 21 OECD-Staaten aus dem Jahr 2005. Es erfolgt
eine quantitativ vergleichende Querschnittsanalyse. Das Ergebnis
zeigt, dass nur das BIP pro Kopf einen signifikanten Einfluss hat -
je hoher das BIP, desto hoher das kommunale Abfallaufkommen. Keinen
signifikanten Einfluss hingegen haben die Variablen,
Umweltbewusstsein, Bevolkerungsdichte, Umweltbewegungen,
Neokoporatismus und Regierungsparteien. Es ergibt sich die
Schlussfolgerung, dass insbesondere bei den Landern mit einem hohen
BIP pro Kopf ein Umdenken von Industrie, Gewerbe und auch jedem
einzelnen Konsumierenden erfolgen muss, zum einen um den
schadlichen Auswirkungen eines hohen Abfallaufkommens entgegen zu
wirken und zum anderen um immer knapper werdende Ressourcen zu
schonen.
The development of European welfare states in the first half of this century has often been seen as a response to the rise of class politics. This study of social policies in Britain and France between 1914 and 1945 contests this interpretation. It argues, by contrast, that early policymakers and social reformers were responding equally to a perceived crisis of family relations and gender roles. The institutions they developed continue to structure the welfare state as it exists today. This book is innovative in the range and scope of its research, its comparative focus, and its argument, which poses a challenge to older class-based interpretations of the development of the welfare state. It will be of interest to scholars of European history and politics, as well as to those interested in social policy and women's studies.
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