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Grassroots researchers examine the barriers and ways of
implementing the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities (CRPD) in Africa. Many have praised the United Nations
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), first
adopted by the UN in 2006, as a revolutionary step towards
disability rights in Africa. But how real is the progress towards
equality for persons with physical disabilities, mental health
difficulties, blindness, deafness or albinism? What are the
barriers to the CRPD's successful implementation on the continent,
and how might we enforce inclusiveness and equality among those
disadvantaged? This book brings together the findings of
researchers in Ghana, Cameroon, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya,
Zimbabwe and South Africa to offer grassroots' perspectives on the
challenges and possibilities of achieving disability rights under
the CRPD. Challenging the generally optimistic view presented to
date, the contributors provide evidence-based trenchant critiques
of the Convention, highlight the ways in which disability rights
are interpreted in varying contexts and with different
disabilities, and examine particular issues in relation to children
and women. Finally, the contributors suggest ways of moving forward
and achieving disability rights in Africa.
Western pharmaceuticals are flooding the Third World. Injections,
capsules and tablets are available in city markets and village
shops, from 'traditional' practitioners and street vendors, as well
as from more orthodox sources like hospitals. Although many are
aware of this 'pharmaceutical invasion', little has been written
about how local people perceive and use these products. This book
is a first attempt to remedy that situation. It presents studies of
the ways Western medicines are circulated and understood in the
cities and rural areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America. We feel
that such a collection is long overdue for two reasons. The first
is a practical one: people dealing with health problems in
developing countries need information about local situations and
they need examples of methods they can use to examine the
particular contexts in which they are working. We hope that this
book will be useful for pharmacists, doctors, nurses, health
planners, policy makers and concerned citizens, who are interested
in the realities of drug use. Why do people want various kinds of
medicine? How do they evaluate and choose them and how do they
obtain them? The second reason for these studies of medicines is to
fill a need in medical anthropology as a field of study. Here we
address our colleagues in anthropol ogy, medical sociology and
related disciplines."
Western pharmaceuticals are flooding the Third World. Injections,
capsules and tablets are available in city markets and village
shops, from 'traditional' practitioners and street vendors, as well
as from more orthodox sources like hospitals. Although many are
aware of this 'pharmaceutical invasion', little has been written
about how local people perceive and use these products. This book
is a first attempt to remedy that situation. It presents studies of
the ways Western medicines are circulated and understood in the
cities and rural areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America. We feel
that such a collection is long overdue for two reasons. The first
is a practical one: people dealing with health problems in
developing countries need information about local situations and
they need examples of methods they can use to examine the
particular contexts in which they are working. We hope that this
book will be useful for pharmacists, doctors, nurses, health
planners, policy makers and concerned citizens, who are interested
in the realities of drug use. Why do people want various kinds of
medicine? How do they evaluate and choose them and how do they
obtain them? The second reason for these studies of medicines is to
fill a need in medical anthropology as a field of study. Here we
address our colleagues in anthropol ogy, medical sociology and
related disciplines."
During the first decade of this millennium, many thousands of
people in Uganda who otherwise would have died from AIDS got second
chances at life. A massive global health intervention, the scaling
up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), saved them and created a
generation of people who learned to live with treatment. As clients
they joined programs that offered free antiretroviral medicine and
encouraged "positive living." Because ART is not a cure but a
lifelong treatment regime, its consequences are far-reaching for
society, families, and individuals. Drawing on personal accounts
and a broad knowledge of Ugandan culture and history, the essays in
this collection explore ART from the perspective of those who
received second chances. Their concerns about treatment, partners,
children, work, food, and bodies reveal the essential sociality of
Ugandan life. The collection is based on research undertaken by a
team of social scientists including both Western and African
scholars.
"Contributors." Phoebe Kajubi, David Kyaddondo, Lotte Meinert,
Hanne O. Mogensen, Godfrey Etyang Siu, Jenipher Twebaze, Michael A.
Whyte, Susan Reynolds Whyte
Although violent conflict has declined in northern Uganda, tensions
and mistrust concerning land have increased. Residents try to deal
with acquisitions by investors and exclusions from forests and
wildlife reserves. Land wrangles among neighbours and relatives are
widespread. The growing commodification of land challenges ideals
of entrustment for future generations. Using extended case studies,
collaborating researchers analyze the principles and practices that
shape access to land. Contributors examine the multiplicity of land
claims, the nature of transactions and the management of conflicts.
They show how access to land is governed through intimate relations
of gender, generation and belonging.
The articles in 'Dealing with Uncertainty in Contemporary African
Lives' are based largely on work in Tanzania which has been spared
much of the turmoil that elsewhere has uprooted populations and
destroyed communities. Nevertheless they illuminate phenomena
common throughout sub-Saharan Africa as modernity in its many
guises undercuts old certainties, outmodes established knowledge of
how to order life and deal with crises, introduces new hazards, and
frustrates ambition and expectations. But as the editors, Haram and
Yamba, point out, uncertainty and insecurity have a positive side,
providing the basis for 'curiosity and exploration'. The case
studies demonstrate both the increasing uncertainty and insecurity
of life in contemporary Africa and the ways that people respond,
including warding off and reaching out. Scapegoats are sought.
Witch beliefs become elaborated as explanations of failures and
malaise while witchfinding becomes a lucrative profession.
Pentecostal or other fundamentalist churches burgeon as they assure
people that life has meaning and better times are before them if
only they believe. Suicide and insanity are other possible
responses. All in all, a thought-provoking volume. Elizabeth
Colson, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley
The lives of many disabled people in Europe and North America have
improved over the past two decades through innovative technologies
and the efforts of the disability rights movement. These changes
have been spreading to other societies around the globe--albeit
unevenly. In this collection of essays, leading scholars explore
global changes in disability awareness, technology, and policy from
the viewpoint of disabled people and their families in a wide range
of local contexts. The authors report on ethnographic research in
Brazil, Uganda, Botswana, Somalia, Britain, Israel, China, Egypt,
India, and Japan. They address the definition of disability, the
new eugenics, human rights in local contexts, domestic and state
citizenship of disabled people, and issues of identity and
belonging.
The focus of this book is medicines (swallowed, injected, rubbed on), as understood by anthropologists concerned solely with their social uses. The text begins with examples of a mother medicating a child in various cultural contexts and ends with a broad review of the complex elements that determine the production and use of medicines. Since 1993, Cambridge Studies in Medical Anthropology has offered researchers and instructors monographs and edited collections of leading scholarship in one of the most lively and popular subfields of cultural and social anthropology. Beginning in 2002, the CSMA series presents theme booksworks that synthesize emerging scholarship from relatively new subfields or that reinterpret the literature of older ones. Designed as course material for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and for professionals in related areas (physicians, nurses, public health workers, and medical sociologists), these theme books will demonstrate how work in medical anthropology is carried out and convey the importance of a given topic for a wide variety of readers. About 160 pages in length, the theme books are not simply staid reviews of the literature. They are, instead, new ways of conceptualizing topics in medical anthropology that take advantage of current research and the growing edges of the field.
During the first decade of this millennium, many thousands of
people in Uganda who otherwise would have died from AIDS got second
chances at life. A massive global health intervention, the scaling
up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), saved them and created a
generation of people who learned to live with treatment. As clients
they joined programs that offered free antiretroviral medicine and
encouraged "positive living." Because ART is not a cure but a
lifelong treatment regime, its consequences are far-reaching for
society, families, and individuals. Drawing on personal accounts
and a broad knowledge of Ugandan culture and history, the essays in
this collection explore ART from the perspective of those who
received second chances. Their concerns about treatment, partners,
children, work, food, and bodies reveal the essential sociality of
Ugandan life. The collection is based on research undertaken by a
team of social scientists including both Western and African
scholars.
"Contributors." Phoebe Kajubi, David Kyaddondo, Lotte Meinert,
Hanne O. Mogensen, Godfrey Etyang Siu, Jenipher Twebaze, Michael A.
Whyte, Susan Reynolds Whyte
Some of the most interesting ethnographies of experience are
concerned to highlight the indeterminate nature of life.
Questioning Misfortune is very much within this tradition. Based on
a long-term study of adversity and its social causes in Bunyole,
eastern Uganda, it considers the way in which people deal with
uncertainties of life, such as sickness, suffering, marital
problems, failure, and death. Divination may identify causes of
misfortune, ranging from ancestors and spirits to sorcerers.
Sufferers and their families will then try out a variety of
remedial measures, including pharmaceuticals, sorcery antidotes,
and sacrifices. But remedies often fail, and doubt and uncertainty
persist. Even the commercialisation of biomedicine, and the peril
of AIDS can be understood in terms of a pragmatics of uncertainty.
Spurred by the United Nation's International Decade for Disabled
Persons and medical anthropology's coming of age, anthropologists
have recently begun to explore the effects of culture on the lives
of the mentally and physically impaired. This major collection of
essays both reframes disability in terms of social processes and
offers for the first time a global, multicultural perspective on
the subject. Using research undertaken in a wide variety of
settings--from a longhouse in central Borneo to a community of
Turkish immigrants in Stockholm--contributors explore the
significance of mental, sensory, and motor impairments in light of
fundamental, culturally determined assumptions about humanity and
personhood.
This study of adversity and its social causes in rural Uganda considers how people deal with life's uncertainties--sickness, suffering, marital problems, failure, and death. Divination may identify causes of misfortune, ranging from ancestors and spirits to sorcerers. Sufferers and their families will then try out a variety of remedial measures, including pharmaceuticals, sorcery substances, and sacrifices. But remedies often fail, and doubt and uncertainty persist. The peril of AIDS can also be understood in terms of the existing pattern of uncertainty.
Spurred by the United Nation's International Decade for Disabled
Persons and medical anthropology's coming of age, anthropologists
have recently begun to explore the effects of culture on the lives
of the mentally and physically impaired. This collection of essays
both reframes disability in terms of social processes and offers a
global, multicultural perspective on the subject. Using research
undertaken in a wide variety of settings - from a longhouse in
central Borneo to a community of Turkish immigrants in Stockholm -
contributors explore the significance of mental, sensory and motor
impairments in light of fundamental, culturally determined
assumptions about humanity and personhood.
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