Deep eutectic solvents represent the newest addition among all other non-conventional and alternate solvent systems. Deep Eutectic Solvent Fund Emerging Applications provides detailed insights on these neoteric solvents, their synthesis methods, types, physicochemical properties, and sustainable applications in emerging scientific areas. The book follows a mechanistic approach on understanding the role of DESs as sustainable media for CO2 capture, biomass pretreatment, as catalysts, as reaction media for material synthesis, cross coupling reactions, templates for drug delivery, etc. The book offers a springboard for encouraging vital discussions and inspiring further innovations in the field of environmentally benign eutectic solvent systems.

Value-Chain of Biofuels: Fundamentals, Technology, and Standardization presents the fundamental aspects of biofuel production, from biomass conversion technologies and biofuels' end products to related policy regulation and standardization. Sections explore the current biofuels industry, addressing pretreatment, feedstocks, and conversion processes, review different pathways to produce biofuels, including bioethanol, biochar, biogas/bio-hydrogen, bio-oil, biodiesel, and many others, and finally, present policy regulation and standardization on biofuel production, with a focus on applications. Case studies are provided alongside reviews from academic and industry perspectives, discussing economics and lifecycle assessments (LCA) of biofuel production, as well as analyses of supply chains. Offering a comprehensive and timely overview, this book provides an ideal reference for researchers and practitioners working in bioenergy and renewable energy, but it will also be of interest to chemists, bioengineers, chemical engineers, and the agricultural and petrochemical industries.

Hydrogen production from biomass such as palm oil wastes is an attractive option due to its abundance in country such as Malaysia. Biomass thermal conversion processes such as biomass steam gasification with in-situ CO2 adsorption shows a great potential for renewable hydrogen production. Limited research focused on the utilization of palm waste material in steam gasification. The coverage is not limited to the design of fluidized bed but also touches on the unit performance, heat and mass transfer aspects of fluidized bed. In addition, design of experiment (DOE) is performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in conjunction with Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) using the Expert Design Version 8 software. The kinetic parameter evaluation of different chemical reactions i.e. char gasification, methanation, boudouard, methane steam reforming, water gas shift and carbonation reactions in ICA steam gasification is discussed. The book serves as reference materials for students, engineers and scientists working in the area of hydrogen production and biomass gasification.

This book reports the latest research and successful industrial case studies on sustainable technologies in the oil palm industry, ranging from plantation, processing to waste handling. It covers the latest developments on harvesting, refining, nanomaterial production, aviation biofuel, biomass supply chain and waste treatment and handling. This book is a continuation of a previously published Springer book 'Green Technologies for the Oil Palm Industry' and is intended for industrial practitioners and academics interested in sustainable technologies for palm oil milling processes.