The Routledge Intermediate Hindi Reader has been specially designed for intermediate and advanced learners of Hindi and comprises a broad selection of graded readings.

The materials have been carefully selected to ensure that students receive exposure to a wide variety of authentic Hindi texts, including news and magazine articles, extracts from social media websites, film dialogues and contemporary Hindi literature.

Each reading is fully supported by:

• pre-reading activities
• notes on cultural references in the text
• a vocabulary list with English translation
• notes on key grammatical points arising from the text
• text-related comprehension questions and vocabulary-based exercises
• suggestions for writing and discussion activities based on the text
• a key to comprehension questions and vocabulary-based exercises
• online support which includes audio recordings and translations of texts, available at http: //www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415601764/

Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Hindi Reader is an essential tool for increasing language proficiency and enriching learners cultural knowledge.

Today, Indian writing in English is a fi eld of study that cannot be overlooked. Whereas at the turn of the 20th century, writers from India who chose to write in English were either unheeded or underrated, with time the literary world has been forced to recognize and accept their contribution to the corpus of world literatures in English. Showcasing the burgeoning field of Indian English writing, this encyclopedia documents the poets, novelists, essayists, and dramatists of Indian origin since the pre-independence era and their dedicated works. Written by internationally recognized scholars, this comprehensive reference book explores the history and development of Indian writers, their major contributions, and the critical reception accorded to them. The Routledge Encyclopedia of Indian Writing in English will be a valuable resource to students, teachers, and academics navigating the vast area of contemporary world literature.

Colloquial Urdu provides a step-by-step course in Urdu as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Urdu in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Key features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues. This second edition has been extensively updated and revised throughout, with particular attention to the Urdu script - coverage is now integrated throughout the book and the script font has been enlarged and improved. Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Urdu will be an indispensable resource both for independent learners and for students taking courses in Urdu. By the end of this course, you will be at Level B2 of the Common European Framework for Languages and at the Intermediate-High on the ACTFL proficiency scales. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

The Routledge Intermediate Hindi Reader has been specially designed for intermediate and advanced learners of Hindi and comprises a broad selection of graded readings.

The materials have been carefully selected to ensure that students receive exposure to a wide variety of authentic Hindi texts, including news and magazine articles, extracts from social media websites, film dialogues and contemporary Hindi literature.

Each reading is fully supported by:

• pre-reading activities
• notes on cultural references in the text
• a vocabulary list with English translation
• notes on key grammatical points arising from the text
• text-related comprehension questions and vocabulary-based exercises
• suggestions for writing and discussion activities based on the text
• a key to comprehension questions and vocabulary-based exercises
• online support which includes audio recordings and translations of texts, available at http: //www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415601764/

Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Hindi Reader is an essential tool for increasing language proficiency and enriching learners cultural knowledge.

Punjabi is the language of the Punjab - the land of five rivers - of northern India and Pakistan. Primarily written in three distinct scripts, a unique feature of the language is that, along with Lahanda and the Western Pahari dialects, it is the only modern Indo-European language spoken in South-East Asia which is tonal in nature. It is recognised as one of the several national languages of India and Pakistan, and approximately forty-five million people speak Punjabi as either a first or second language.This Descriptive Grammar accounts for the linguistic and sociolinguistic properties of Punjabi and Lahanda/Multani. It explores the standard language, giving a comprehensive account of syntax, morphology and phonology. With a descriptive, typological and cognitive examination of the language, this is a comprehensive and authoritative description of modern Punjabi . This volume will be invaluable to students and researchers of linguistic theory and practice.

Colloquial Hindi: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Hindi as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Hindi in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Hindi is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points An overview of the sounds of Hindi Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Hindi is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Hindi. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

Punjabi is a modern Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in South Asian countries--India and Pakistan--but also in countries within the United Kingdom and Canada. Recognized as one of the fifteen official languages of India, Punjabi is spoken--as either first or second language--by approximately forty-five million people.
Primarily written in three distinct scripts (Gurumukhi, Perso-Arabic, and Devanagari), a unique feature of the language is that it is tonal in nature. Along with Lahanda and the Western Pahari (Himalayan) dialects, Punjabi is the only modern Indo-Aryan language which has developed tonal contrast.
Along with a discussion of Indian and Pakistani varieties of Punjabi, Tej Bhatia also accounts for the linguistic and sociolinguistic properties of British and Canadian varieties. The book will invaluable to linguists working in the area of South Asian Linguistics, language universals, language typology, comparative syntax, morphology or phonology, and linguistic variation.

Topology is a large subject with several branches, broadly categorized as algebraic topology, point-set topology, and geometric topology. Point-set topology is the main language for a broad range of mathematical disciplines, while algebraic topology offers as a powerful tool for studying problems in geometry and numerous other areas of mathematics. This book presents the basic concepts of topology, including virtually all of the traditional topics in point-set topology, as well as elementary topics in algebraic topology such as fundamental groups and covering spaces. It also discusses topological groups and transformation groups. When combined with a working knowledge of analysis and algebra, this book offers a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students of mathematics specializing in algebraic topology and harmonic analysis.

In this issue of Pediatric Clinics, guest editor Tej Mattoo brings considerable expertise to the topic of Pediatric Nephrology. Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in Pediatric Nephrology, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

Build decentralized applications with smart contract programming. Following the curriculum from an active blockchain course taught by the author at the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas, this book fills the gaps for you from learning about basic cryptocurrency uses of blockchain to understanding smart contracts and dapps. You'll first start by understanding the basics of blockchain technology. Take a business point of view to discover general concepts about blockchains and dapps or "decentralized apps" built off of smart contracts. Next, learn about the token economy, how to design tokens, and relevant client technologies, such as web3, metamask, and UI/UX design. Then, install a blockchain node yourself. With a basic understanding of blockchain applications and business uses, you'll move further into hands-on development. There are ten modules for hands-on smart contract programming covered to build your own decentralized applications. Several team projects built end-to-end from concept to deployment to operation are also provided. Using these models and your own original work, you'll build a smart contract development environment, practice Solidity programming, compile source code, perform security reviews, and deploy bytecode to blockchains. The breakthrough in blockchain technology has empowered novel ecosystems and applications in the areas of Decentralized Finance (DeFi), Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), and more. Blockchain and Ethereum Smart Contract Solution Development will prepare you to create fantastic applications using Ethereum's smart contracts and solid concepts of decentralized programming! What You'll Learn Become familiar with Blockchain technology, both in theory and in practice Understand architectural components of blockchain and the underlying computer science Implement blockchain smart contract solutions using both public and enterprise Ethereum blockchains Who This Book Is For IT professionals and mid-level managers interested in smart contract development. Blockchain Consultants who want to have a handbook of smart contract development methodologies. And enterprise technologiests helping companies through the transformation to blockchain technologies.

Topology is a large subject with several branches, broadly categorized as algebraic topology, point-set topology, and geometric topology. Point-set topology is the main language for a broad range of mathematical disciplines, while algebraic topology offers as a powerful tool for studying problems in geometry and numerous other areas of mathematics. This book presents the basic concepts of topology, including virtually all of the traditional topics in point-set topology, as well as elementary topics in algebraic topology such as fundamental groups and covering spaces. It also discusses topological groups and transformation groups. When combined with a working knowledge of analysis and algebra, this book offers a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students of mathematics specializing in algebraic topology and harmonic analysis.

The ragtag group from Jalard have finally reached Shemet, Sharma's capital city. Scarred and bereft, they bring with them the grim tale of what happened to their village, and a warning about the ancient powers that have been awakened and now threaten all humanity. Despite this, some of them still hope that reaching sanctuary within the Synod will mean an end to their hardships, but these hopes are soon dashed. Sharma's ruling class are caught within their own inner turmoil. When Jaedin senses that there are moles within their ranks, not only does his call to crisis fall mostly on deaf ears, but some who do hear seek to thwart him when he tries to hunt these infiltrators down. Meanwhile, across the Valantian Mountains, Gavendara is beginning to muster its forces. Using ritualistic means to augment their soldiers, their mutant army is like nothing the world has ever seen before. The Zakaras are coming. And Sharma's only hope of stopping them is if it can unite its people in time.

"Everyone from Jalard knew what a bloodoath was. Legendary characters in the tales people told to their children often made such pacts with the gods. By drawing one's own blood whilst speaking a vow, people became 'Bloodsworn'. And in every tale where the oath was broken, the ending was always the same. The Bloodsworn died." It has been twelve years since The War of Ashes, but animosity still lingers between the nations of Sharma and Gavendara, and only a few souls have dared to cross the border between them. The villagers of Jalard live a bucolic existence, nestled within the hills of western Sharma, and far away from the boundary which was once a warzone. To them, tales of bloodshed seem no more than distant fables. They have little contact with the outside world, apart from once a year when they are visited by representatives from the Academy who choose two of them to be taken away to their institute in the capital. To be Chosen is considered a great honour... of which most of Jalard's children dream. But this year the Academy representatives make an announcement which is so shocking it causes friction between the villagers, and some of them begin to suspect that all is not what it seems. Just where are they taking the Chosen, and why? Some of them intend to find out, but what they discover will change their lives forever and set them on a long and bloody path to seek vengeance...

The vibe has soured somewhat since a violent clash in the Janus nightclub a few months ago, so Neal opened an establishment on the outskirts of town and called it 'Dinnusos' hoping it would become a new nucleus for urban bohemia. Dinnusos is on the forgotten side of town. It is not the sort of place one stumbles upon by accident, it is the kind which enchants people. Rumours say that it was once a fancy hotel, many years ago, but no one is quite sure. Now it is a retreat for the lost souls of urbia. Whilst mingling in the bar downstairs one may find oneself in the company of poets, dreamers, outsiders, and all manner of misfits and rebels. And if that is not interesting enough, there is a whole labyrinth of rooms on the upper floors to get lost in, if one is daring enough to explore its ghostly halls...But it seems that not just Neal's clientele, but the entire population of the city, begins to go crazy when beings, once thought mythological, enter the mortal realm and start to stir chaos. Eight characters. Most of them friends, some of them strangers. Each with their own story to tell. All of them destined to cross paths in a surreal sequence of events which will change them forever.