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The problem of digestive tract tumors presents multifaceted aspects
which involve epidemiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, surgery
and adjuvant multidisciplinary mo dality. Time trends in cancer
mortality vary in the individual cancers. Mortality from stomach
cancer shows a decreasing tendency in most countries, although
Japan still has the highest incidence in the world. Intestinal
other than rectum and pancreatic cancers have shown an increase in
most countries, while mortality due to liver cell and gallbladder
cancer vary greatly by locality. Since most cancers are considered
to be related to en vironmental and lifestyle exposures, such as
diet, smoking or excessive drinking, there is hope that action on
these factors may serve to substantially reduce occurrence of the
disease. Recent progress in early diagnosis has made it feasible to
detect small and minute cancers, and these have proven possible to
cure with relatively favorable results. The most important
advancement has come from a multidisciplinary approach to cancer
treatment, utilizing a balanced application of surgery, radiation
therapy and chemo therapy. A considerable increase in the five-year
survival rate has been realized in stomach cancer. While progress
is being made in the practical treatment of this disease, it
remains far better to prevent than to cure. For the first time
immunization offers a unique op portunity to prevent liver cell
cancer."
During the last decade a considerable body of knowledge has come
into existence concerning a class of carcinogenic molecules chiefly
represented by 4-nitroquinoline i-oxide. Original papers on this
subject are numerous and widely scattered over many branches of
science; it was felt that these papers should be reviewed and the
knowledge brought together in one volume before it became too
unwieldy. This we have attempted to do in this monograph. Our aim
has been to include all relevant papers published to date, so that
it may serve as an epitome of the present status of knowledge on
this important subject. We have been fortunate in securing the
cooperation of several colleagues who have contributed chapters,
each dealing with one aspect of the subject. We have been doubly
fortunate in that these contributors, like ourselves, were at one
time or another members of the group belonging to the scientific
staff of Dr. WARO NAKA HARA, Director of the National Cancer Center
Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan."
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