are intended to fill the gap between a manufacturer's handbook, and review articles that highlight the latest scientific developments. A fourth volume will deal with techniques for specimen handling, beam artifacts, and depth profiling. It will provide a compilation of methods that have proven useful for specimen handling and treatment, and it will also address the common artifacts and problems associated with the bombardment of solid sur faces by photons, electrons, and ions. A description will be given of methods for depth profiling. Surface characterization measurements are being used increasingly in di verse areas of science and technology. We hope that this series will be useful in ensuring that these measurements can be made as efficiently and reliably as possible. Comments on the series are welcomed, as are suggestions for volumes on additional topics. C. J. Powell Gaithersburg, Maryland A. W. Czandema Golden, Colorado D. M. Hercules Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania T. E. Madey New Brunswick, New Jersey J. T. Yates, Jr."

Leveraged index investments, including index futures, options, and ETFs, are one of the fastest growing products in finance, as both retail and institutional investors are attracted to their long-term returns and capital efficiency. With "Enhanced Indexing Strategies," author Tristan Yates reveals how you can create and build high-performance indexing strategies using derivatives that can potentially generate much higher returns than conventional index investing. In addition, "Enhanced Indexing Strategies" introduces six innovative long-term indexing strategies using futures and options, each with its own advantages and applications.

This book is a new edition of a classic text on experimental methods and instruments in surface science. It offers practical insight useful to chemists, physicists, and materials scientists working in experimental surface science. This enlarged second edition contains almost 300 descriptions of experimental methods. The more than 50 active areas with individual scientific and measurement concepts and activities relevant to each area are presented in this book. The key areas covered are: Vacuum System Technology, Mechanical Fabrication Techniques, Measurement Methods, Thermal Control, Delivery of Adsorbates to Surfaces, UHV Windows, Surface Preparation Methods, High Area Solids, Safety. The book is written for researchers and graduate students.

This book is a new edition of a classic text on experimental methods and instruments in surface science. It offers practical insight useful to chemists, physicists, and materials scientists working in experimental surface science. This enlarged second edition contains almost 300 descriptions of experimental methods. The more than 50 active areas with individual scientific and measurement concepts and activities relevant to each area are presented in this book. The key areas covered are: Vacuum System Technology, Mechanical Fabrication Techniques, Measurement Methods, Thermal Control, Delivery of Adsorbates to Surfaces, UHV Windows, Surface Preparation Methods, High Area Solids, Safety. The book is written for researchers and graduate students.

are intended to fill the gap between a manufacturer's handbook, and review articles that highlight the latest scientific developments. A fourth volume will deal with techniques for specimen handling, beam artifacts, and depth profiling. It will provide a compilation of methods that have proven useful for specimen handling and treatment, and it will also address the common artifacts and problems associated with the bombardment of solid sur faces by photons, electrons, and ions. A description will be given of methods for depth profiling. Surface characterization measurements are being used increasingly in di verse areas of science and technology. We hope that this series will be useful in ensuring that these measurements can be made as efficiently and reliably as possible. Comments on the series are welcomed, as are suggestions for volumes on additional topics. C. J. Powell Gaithersburg, Maryland A. W. Czandema Golden, Colorado D. M. Hercules Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania T. E. Madey New Brunswick, New Jersey J. T. Yates, Jr."

The observation of the vibrational spectra of adsorbed species provides one of the most incisive methods for und erst an ding chemical and physical phenomena on surfaces. At the present time, many approaches may be applied to studies of molecular vibrations on surfaces. Some of these are used on high-area solids of technological importance (e.g., heterogeneous catalysts) while others are applied to single-crystal substrates to gain better understanding under conditions of controlled surface structure. This book has attempted to bring together in one place a discussion of the major methods used to measure vibrational spectra of surface species. The emphasis is on basic concepts and experimental methods rather than a current survey of the extensive literature in this field. Two introductory chapters describe the basic theoretical aspects of vibrational spectroscopy on surfaces, dealing with normal modes and excitation mechanisms in vibrational spectroscopy. The remaining seven chapters deal with various methods employed to observe surface vibra tions. These are arranged in an order that first treats the use of various methods on surfaces that are not of the single-crystal type. It is in this area that the field first got started in the late 1940s with pioneering work by Terenin and others in the Soviet Union, and by Eisehens and others in the United States in the 1950s. The last four chapters deal with relatively recent methods that permit vibrational studies to be made on single crystal substrates."

*Cost analysis essentials--a professional reference and core text for ensuring the continuity, sustainability, and survival of programs. *Helps answer critical questions: is the program more cost-effective than alternatives, how to measure its economic as well as social/health outcomes, and is it worth funding? *Provides tools that can help organizations do more with less. *Useful to a broad audience of evaluators, program administrators, and policymakers.

"We confront an urban wilderness more formidable and resistant and in some ways more frightening than the wilderness faced by the pilgrims or the pioneers." What Robert Kennedy warned in 1966 is, ten years later, more starkly true than ever. As controversies about American cities rage, this critique takes a hard, unflattering look at the urban plight. Those who expect facile answers, utopian visions, or panaceas should, however, be cautioned: the book offers none. What it does offer is an interior view of urban policy making and an example of the most astute kind of policy study.Professor Yates argues that the urban policy-making system is no longer capable of producing coherent decisions, developing effective policies, or implementing programs. lack of money is not the underlying cause. The real culprit has to do with contradictions fundamental to cities as political and social entities. Historically, cities evolved as "melting pots," developing haphazardly into loose structures composed of numerous antagonistic interests and forces. Urban management has largely consisted of hasty responses to crisis situations rather than long-range planning. City governments are at once too decentralized for overall policy making and too centralized to be truly responsive to its citizenry. By the same token they are both too independent of and too dependent on higher-level government (state, federal) for assistance.The basic function and distinctive feature of urban government is its service delivery. But here the system breaks down, for the mayor does not entirely control the administrators, and administrators cannot control the "street-level" employees--policemen, firemen, public school teachers. Fragmentation, instability--these are the result. The remedies are not simple and obvious, as Yates repeatedly makes clear. But if penetrating to the core of the problem is at all beneficial, The Ungovernable City is a step in the right direction.

The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.

Introducing techniques for performing cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-benefits analysis (CBA) in mental health and other human services. Author Brian T. Yates shows CEA and CBA can be used for optimizing programs. Beginning with a description of a model for comprehensive assessment and improvement-oriented analysis of human service systems using CEA and CBA methods, Yates subsequently shows the reader how to analyze each of the links between the expenditure of resources and the achievement of long-term program objectives. Examples of each step in understanding and improving relationships among resources used, procedures, processes induced, and outcomes generated are drawn from Yates's research in residential and outpatient substance abuse programs, nonprofit mental health clinics, residential programs for dependent/neglected urban youth, suicide prevention, and self-management training. The examples are designed to encourage readers to explore the concepts and techniques by conducting their own quantitative and qualitative analyses of cost, procedure, process, and outcome paths in human services.

*Cost analysis essentials--a professional reference and core text for ensuring the continuity, sustainability, and survival of programs. *Helps answer critical questions: is the program more cost-effective than alternatives, how to measure its economic as well as social/health outcomes, and is it worth funding? *Provides tools that can help organizations do more with less. *Useful to a broad audience of evaluators, program administrators, and policymakers.