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Activation by and desensitization to signals originating from the
environment is common in all organisms, ranging from prokaryotes to
higher eukaryotes. Recently, a number of novel mechanisms involved
in activation and desensitization have been elucidated. The
similarities of the molecular mechanisms of activation and
desensitization in the various systems are striking. In the first
book (1987) on this topic, the functional and structural
similarities of the various mechanisms to attenuate the effect of
an outward signal were emphasized. Justification to have a second
book three years later is the explosive growth of information in
the field. More components involved in signal transfer have been
discovered and also that several more G-proteins appear to play a
role during this process. The interest in signal attenuation
concurs with these developments. The emphasis in this book is on
the common signal transfer elements responsible for activation and
desensitization in animals, plants and microorganisms.
All organisms adapt, or at least try to adapt, to informa- tion or
signals arising from their surrounding environment. This can affect
the behaviour of the entire organism or the functioning of discrete
organs or areas within an organism, depending upon its degree of
complexity. This workshop was set up with the aim of encouraging
discussions and collaboration between investiga- tors studying a
wide spectrum of signal transduction/sensing events occurring at
the cell surface in systems where the sig- nalling mechanisms
became attenuated or desensitized after their initial
stimulation/activation. To this end a wide range of sys- tems were
dealt with ranging from simple organisms to higher eUkaryotes.
Desensitization has been of much interest for some time. Recently,
however, a number of novel mechanisms have been elucidated and, in
order to capture the present excitement in this field, the
participants have been encouraged to produce articles which would
present an overview of their field and research effort which, we
hope, will be useful to the int- ested non-speciaJist and
specialist alike. A brief transcript or the ensuing discussions has
also been included ror clarifi- cation and to highlight both points
of comparison between sys- tems and of particular interest.
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