Information on bioactive ether lipids and their involvement in neurological disorders is currently scattered throughout the literature. This book provides readers with a comprehensive description of metabolism of bioactive ether lipids in the brain, activities of enzymes involved in their metabolism, and their involvement in neurological disorders. It is the first book to describe the involvement of these lipids with abnormal signal transduction processes in neurological disorders.

Information on bioactive ether lipids and their involvement in neurological disorders is currently scattered throughout the literature. This book provides readers with a comprehensive description of metabolism of bioactive ether lipids in the brain, activities of enzymes involved in their metabolism, and their involvement in neurological disorders. It is the first book to describe the involvement of these lipids with abnormal signal transduction processes in neurological disorders.

Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of all components of the Mediterranean diet on the brain, along with its beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases. It covers topics on neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease, (PD) Huntington disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also providing information on how cardiovascular disease, Type 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome become risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. This book focuses on how the Mediterranean diet suppresses oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases as well as signal transduction. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by the abundant consumption of olive oil, high consumption of plant foods (fruits, vegetables, pulses, cereals, nuts and seeds); frequent and moderate intake of wine (mainly with meals); moderate consumption of fish, seafood, yogurt, cheese, poultry and eggs; and low consumption of red meat and processed meat products. High consumption of dietary fiber, low glycemic index and glycemic load, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant compounds may act together to produce favorable effects on health status. Collective evidence suggests that Mediterranean diet not only increases longevity by lowering cardiovascular disease, inhibiting cancer growth, but also by protecting the body from age-dependent cognitive decline.

Gut Microbiota in Neurologic and Visceral Diseases presents readers with comprehensive information on the involvement of microbiota in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Chapters cover the effect of microbiota on the development of visceral (obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease) and neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's, depression, anxiety, and autism). Sections focus on the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction processes associated with the links among microbiota-related visceral and neurological disorders. It is hoped that this discussion will not only integrate and consolidate knowledge in this field but will also jumpstart more studies on the involvement of microbiota in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.

Trace Amines and Neurological Disorders: Potential Mechanisms and Risk Factors explores trace amines which, under normal conditions, are present in the mammalian brain and peripheral nervous tissues at very low (nanomolar) concentrations. However, in a diverse array of human pathologies ranging from substance abuse, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, schizophrenia, and other neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases, the levels of trace amines are unusually high with an imbalance in their functions. Furthermore, the rapid turnover of trace amines is evidenced by their dramatic increases following treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) or deletion of the MAO genes. This suggests that the concentration of trace amines may be considerably higher at neuronal synapses than predicted by steady-state measures, implicating some pathophysiological role. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms and developing selective agonists and antagonists for trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) has become a good approach for treating these diseases. Although the effects of trace amines at low physiological concentrations in mammalian species have been difficult to demonstrate, they may serve to maintain the neuronal activity of other monoamine neurotransmitters by possessing postsynaptic modulatory effects, particularly dopamine and serotonin, within defined physiological limits. Such an effect of trace amines makes them ideal candidates for the development of novel therapeutics for a wide range of human disorders. This book presents up-to-date, cutting-edge, and comprehensive information on the link between trace amines and neurological disorders.

Curcumin for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Neurochemical and Pharmacological Properties focuses on the different molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin-mediated beneficial effects in neurological diseases. The book's editors discuss the neurochemical and pharmacological properties of curcumin, followed by the effect of curcumin in neurotraumatic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuropsychiatric diseases. The book also offers a perspective on future studies on the treatment of neurological disorders. The beneficial effects of curcumin have been observed both in cultured cells and in animal models, thus paving the way for ongoing present and future human clinical trials. Curcumin produces antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects not only by blocking oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative diseases, but also by restoring cellular homeostasis and rebalancing redox equilibrium.

Diet and exercise have long been recognized as important components of a healthy lifestyle, as they have a great impact on improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular functions, lowering the risk of metabolic disorders, and contributing to healthy aging. As a greater proportion of the world s population is living longer, there has been increased interest in understanding the role of nutrition and exercise in long-term neurological health and cognitive function. Diet and Exercise in Cognitive Function and Neurological Diseases discusses the role and impact that nutrition and activity have on cognitive function and neurological health. The book is divided into two sections. The first section focuses on diet and its impact on neurobiological processes. Chapters focus on the impacts of specific diets, such as the Mediterranean, ketogenic and vegan diets, as well as the role of specific nutrients, fats, fatty acids, and calorie restriction on neurological health and cognitive function. The second section of the book focuses on exercise, and its role in maintaining cognitive function, reducing neuroinflammatory responses, regulating adult neurogenesis, and healthy brain aging. Other chapters look at the impact of exercise in the management of specific neurological disorders such Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson s Disease. Diet and Exercise in Cognitive Function and Neurological Diseases is a timely reference on the neurobiological interplay between diet and exercise on long-term brain health and cognitive function.

Propolis is a natural product, collected by honeybees Apis mellifera, from various plant sources. Honeybees use it for the construction and repair of their hive as well as for defence purposes. Propolis has gained popularity in alternative medicine. It is extensively used as a popular remedy in foods and beverages. This book presents the chemical composition and biological activities of propolis from different regions of the globe.

Propolis is a natural product, collected by honeybees Apis mellifera, from various plant sources. Honeybees use it for the construction and repair of their hive as well as for defence purposes. Propolis has gained popularity in alternative medicine. It is extensively used as a popular remedy in foods and beverages. The purpose of this book is to present readers with an integrated view on molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of propolis in acute and chronic humans. This book will provide current and comprehensive information on the protective effects of propolis on human health and treatment chronic human diseases.

Phytochemicals are health-protecting compounds of plant origin. They provide flavour and colour to edible fruits, plants, herbs and beverages. Health protecting effects of phytochemicals are due to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and cellular repair properties. There has been considerable interest in defining biological activities of phytochemicals at the molecular level. The effects of phytochemicals can be conducive, additive, synergistic, and antagonistic. Through these properties, phytochemicals modulate cellular differentiation, proliferation, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. This book presents an integrated view on molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of phytochemicals action in acute and chronic humans.

Biogenic amines are naturally occurring amines that are derived by enzymic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. They belong to a class of neurotransmitters including catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine), indolamine (serotonin), and imidazoleamine (histamine). Biogenic amines have great pharmacological and physiological importance. The main objective of this book is to present readers with comprehensive information on pharmacology, neurochemistry and molecular neurobiology of biogenic amine in the CNS of vertebrate and invertebrates in a single volume text. The book has been organised into chapters and sections to provide a better flow of information. Furthermore, this unique volume provides its readers with cutting edge information on biogenic amines. It can be used by graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, researchers, and scientists who work at the pharmaceutical industry as a handbook, which describes all aspects of biogenic amine metabolism.