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All over the world, open innovation is emerging and requires much
more interactions between different actors with different
organizational cultures: large firms and SMEs (i.e. industry),
universities and research institutions (i.e. academia), as well as
national and regional authorities for building the legal or
incentive framework of innovation (i.e government). Certainly,
flows of knowledge between these three spheres, which are also
known as the triple helix, have always existed; but what appears to
be new in an open innovation environment is the overlapping of
their missions. In many areas such multi-actor interactions with
overlapping roles did not emerge spontaneously, as was the case
with the United States.Based on robust cases studied by researchers
and practical experiences of personnel involved in innovation at
public or private institutions, this book successively discusses
the policy framework in Europe and Japan, the new role for
universities due to intellectual property reform or technology
transfer promotion, the new challenges for firms in terms of
licensing, patents, corporate venturing, including
entrepreneurship, incubation, venture capital or cross-industry
knowledge sharing.All issues addressed in this book are clearly
those toward regional innovation policies and practices that are
open in nature. It contains descriptions and analysis of the
various approaches taken by industrial, governmental, and academic
players in various regions of Japan (Tohoku, Tokyo) and Europe
(France, Belgium). The mix of theoretical and empirical material
collected in this book was first presented at an international
symposium in Tokyo.The dynamics of regional innovation is an
on-going issue, and we are still standing at the threshold of this
field of research. It is exactly why such a book is needed now.
First published in 1999, this book explores pint points, compares
and dates the development of product differentiation and variety.
This book also analyses' how firms have embraced a variety of ways
of efficiently managing this verity though production, the design
of the product as well as in the relations with the suppliers and
distributors.
Five years after the publication of MITs lean production book
practitioners and academics from Japan, USA and Europe present new
concepts, findings and conclusions in regard to one of the most
critical areas of automobile production. The focus of the book is
to explore automation and work organization for the final assembly
operations in the world automobile industry. The authors are
company practitioners in charge of planning assembly operations and
academic researchers drawing from recent empirical work. Thus, the
book presents a multi-facetted view on a development of critical
importance for future development of the industry. The book is rich
with figures, fotos, tables, thus making the text vivid, easy to
understand and illustrative.
This book is close look at the evolution of the Toyota automobile company into the second largest in the world, after GM. It explains how the leaders of the company developed the famous Toyota system of production that has been widely studied and imitated.
This book integrates the concept of design into the existing
framework of industrial performance, international trade and
comparative advantage in trade and industrial phenomena, which
increasingly have been affected by design characteristics of
tradable goods. Design, capability and their evolution are
introduced into current theories of trade to explain the reality of
international trade in the early twenty-first century and the
possibility of design-based comparative advantage is explored.
Toward that end, the concepts of design, architecture,
organizational capability and productivity are introduced, as are
their interactions and evolution. The author starts from the fact
that firms' selection of design locations precedes that of
production locations and that a new product's initial production
location is usually the same as its design location. In other
words, design matters in explaining today's trade phenomena. Thus,
this book analyzes product design and its evolution in the context
of the comparative advantage theory. The author argues that the
concept of Ricardo's comparative advantage must be reinterpreted in
a more dynamic way than in the past, with changing labor input
coefficients treated as variables and driven by international
capability-building competition between factories. Some of the many
topics dealt with in this volume include a capability-architecture
view of industrial comparative advantage, a design-based view of
manufacturing, the evolution of manufacturing capabilities,
Ricardian comparative advantage with changing labor input
coefficients, comparative design cost and selection of design
locations and a design process model behind comparative design
cost. In this way, the behaviors of factories, product development
projects, firms, industries and national economies in today's
global competition are described and analyzed in the most realistic
way.
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