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This collection of essays, written by leading experts, showcases
historiographical problems, fresh interpretations, and new debates
in medieval and Renaissance history and political thought. Recent
scholarship on medieval and Renaissance political thought is
witness to tectonic movements. These involve quiet, yet
considerable, re-evaluations of key thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas
and Machiavelli, as well as the string of lesser known "political
thinkers" who wrote in western Europe between Late Antiquity and
the Reformation. Taking stock of thirty years of developments, this
volume demonstrates the contemporary vibrancy of the history of
medieval and Renaissance political thought. By both celebrating and
challenging the perspectives of a generation of scholars, notably
Cary J. Nederman, it offers refreshing new assessments. The book
re-introduces the history of western political thought in the
Middle Ages and the Renaissance to the wider disciplines of History
and Political Science. Recent historiographical debates have
revolutionized discussion of whether or not there was an
"Aristotelian revolution" in the thirteenth century. Thinkers such
as Machiavelli and Marsilius of Padua are read in new ways; less
well-known texts, such as the Irish On the Twelve Abuses of the
Age, offer new perspectives. Further, the collection argues that
medieval political ideas contain important lessons for the study of
concepts of contemporary interest such as toleration. The volume is
an ideal resource for both students and scholars interested in
medieval and Renaissance history as well as the history of
political thought.
This collection of essays, written by leading experts, showcases
historiographical problems, fresh interpretations, and new debates
in medieval and Renaissance history and political thought. Recent
scholarship on medieval and Renaissance political thought is
witness to tectonic movements. These involve quiet, yet
considerable, re-evaluations of key thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas
and Machiavelli, as well as the string of lesser known "political
thinkers" who wrote in western Europe between Late Antiquity and
the Reformation. Taking stock of thirty years of developments, this
volume demonstrates the contemporary vibrancy of the history of
medieval and Renaissance political thought. By both celebrating and
challenging the perspectives of a generation of scholars, notably
Cary J. Nederman, it offers refreshing new assessments. The book
re-introduces the history of western political thought in the
Middle Ages and the Renaissance to the wider disciplines of History
and Political Science. Recent historiographical debates have
revolutionized discussion of whether or not there was an
"Aristotelian revolution" in the thirteenth century. Thinkers such
as Machiavelli and Marsilius of Padua are read in new ways; less
well-known texts, such as the Irish On the Twelve Abuses of the
Age, offer new perspectives. Further, the collection argues that
medieval political ideas contain important lessons for the study of
concepts of contemporary interest such as toleration. The volume is
an ideal resource for both students and scholars interested in
medieval and Renaissance history as well as the history of
political thought.
Visions of Peace: Asia and the West explores the diversity of past
conceptualizations as well as the remarkable continuity in the hope
for peace across global intellectual traditions. Current
literature, prompted by September 11, predominantly focuses on the
laws and ethics of just wars or modern ideals of peace. Asian and
Western ideals of peace before the modern era have largely escaped
scholarly attention. This book examines Western and Asian visions
of peace that existed prior to c.1800 by bringing together experts
from a variety of intellectual traditions. The historical survey
ranges from ancient Greek thought, early Christianity and medieval
scholasticism to Hinduism, classical Confucianism and Tokuguwa
Japanese learning, before illuminating unfamiliar aspects of peace
visions in the European Enlightenment. Each chapter offers a
particular case study and attempts to rehabilitate a 'forgotten'
conception of peace and reclaim its contemporary relevance.
Collectively they provide the conceptual resources to inspire more
creative thinking towards a new vision of peace in the present.
Students and specialists in international relations, peace studies,
history, political theory, philosophy, and religious studies will
find this book a valuable resource on diverse conceptions of peace.
Visions of Peace: Asia and the West explores the diversity of past
conceptualizations as well as the remarkable continuity in the hope
for peace across global intellectual traditions. Current
literature, prompted by September 11, predominantly focuses on the
laws and ethics of just wars or modern ideals of peace. Asian and
Western ideals of peace before the modern era have largely escaped
scholarly attention. This book examines Western and Asian visions
of peace that existed prior to c.1800 by bringing together experts
from a variety of intellectual traditions. The historical survey
ranges from ancient Greek thought, early Christianity and medieval
scholasticism to Hinduism, classical Confucianism and Tokuguwa
Japanese learning, before illuminating unfamiliar aspects of peace
visions in the European Enlightenment. Each chapter offers a
particular case study and attempts to rehabilitate a 'forgotten'
conception of peace and reclaim its contemporary relevance.
Collectively they provide the conceptual resources to inspire more
creative thinking towards a new vision of peace in the present.
Students and specialists in international relations, peace studies,
history, political theory, philosophy, and religious studies will
find this book a valuable resource on diverse conceptions of peace.
Toleration in Comparative Perspective is a collection of essays
that explores conceptions of toleration and tolerance in Asia and
the West. It tests the common assumption in Western political
discourse and contemporary political theory that toleration is a
uniquely Western virtue. Toleration in modern Western philosophy is
understood as principled noninterference in the practices and
beliefs of others that one disapproves of or, at least, dislikes.
Although toleration might be seen today as a quintessential liberal
value, precedents to this modern concept also existed in medieval
times while Indigenous American stories about welcome challenge the
very possibility of noninterference. The modern Western
philosophical concept of toleration is not always easily translated
into other philosophical traditions, but this book opens a dialogue
between various traditions of thought to explore precisely the ways
in which overlap and distinctions exist. What emerges is the
existence of a family of resemblances in approaches to religious
and cultural diversity from a program of pragmatic noninterference
in the Ottoman Empire to deeper notions of acceptance and
inclusiveness amongst the Newar People in the Kathmandu Valley. The
development of an Islamic ethic of tolerance, the Daoist idea of
all-inclusiveness, and Confucian ideas of broad-mindedness,
respect, and coexistence to the idea of 'the one in the many' in
Hindu thought are examined along with sources for intolerance,
tolerance, and toleration in Pali Buddhism, early modern Japan, and
contemporary India.
The English Franciscan William of Ockham (c.1285-1347) was one of
the most influential philosophers and theologians in late medieval
Europe. Fresh scholarship has shown his profound impact on logic,
metaphysics, epistemology and the philosophy of language in the
late Middle Ages and beyond. Following a dispute between the papacy
and his Order, Ockham abandoned his academic career and devoted
himself to anti-papal polemics. Scholars have produced divergent
and often contradictory interpretations of Ockham as a political
thinker: a destructive critic of the medieval Church, a medieval
Catholic traditionalist, the Franciscan ideologue, and a
constitutional liberal. This 2007 book offers a fresh reappraisal
of Ockham's political thought by approaching his anti-papal
writings as a series of polemical responses. His aggressive and
persistent attack on the papacy emerges in this study as an attempt
to rescue the ethical foundations of the Christian society from the
political influences of heretical popes.
Given the rise of globalization and coinciding increase in cultural
clashes among diverse nations, it has become eminently clear to
scholars of political thought that there exists a critical gap in
the knowledge of non-Western philosophies and how Western thought
has been influenced by them. This gap has led to a severely
diminished capacity of both state and nonstate actors to
communicate effectively on a global scale. The political theorists,
area scholars, and intellectual historians gathered here by Takashi
Shogimen and Cary J. Nederman examine the exchange of political
ideas between Europe and Asia from the Middle Ages to the early
twentieth century. They establish the need for comparative
political thought, showing that in order to fully grasp the origins
and achievements of the West, historians of political thought must
incorporate Asian political discourse and ideas into their
understanding. By engaging in comparative studies, this volume
proves the necessity of a cross-disciplinary approach in guiding
the study of the global history of political thought.
The English Franciscan, William of Ockham (c. 1285???1347), was one
of the most influential philosophers and theologians in late
medieval Europe. Recent scholarship has shown his profound impact
on logic, metaphysics, epistemology and the philosophy of language
in the late Middle Ages and beyond. Following a dispute between the
papacy and his Order, Ockham abandoned his academic career and
devoted himself to anti-papal polemics. Twentieth-century scholars
have produced divergent and often contradictory interpretations of
Ockham as a political thinker: a destructive critic of the medieval
Church, a medieval Catholic traditionalist, the Franciscan
ideologue, and a constitutional liberal. This book offers a fresh
reappraisal of Ockham's political thought by approaching his
anti-papal writings as a series of polemical responses. His
aggressive and persistent attack on the papacy emerges in this
study as an attempt to rescue the ethical foundations of the
Christian society from the political influences of heretical popes.
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