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Recently, molecular electronics, especially that utilizing single
molecules, has been attracting much attention. This is mainly
because the theoretical limit is approaching in the present
silicon-based technology, and the development of an alternative
process is strongly desired. Single-molecule electronics is aimed
at a breakthrough toward the next generation of computing systems.
By designing and synthesizing highly functionalized molecules of
nanometer size and incorporating these molecules into electrical
circuits, we shall obtain much dense and high-speed processors. The
concept of single-molecule electronics was first introduced by
Aviram and Ratnar in 1978. In the early 1980s, many groups all over
the world had started research on molecular electronics. At that
time, single-molecule manipulation techniques had not been born,
and the research was mainly carried out on molecular films formed
by the Langmuir Blodgett technique, a wet process, and by
molecular-beam epitaxy, a dry process. A number of prototypes of
switching devices and logic gates were, however, reported in the
1980s. In the early 1990s, scanning probe microscopes became
popular and researchers obtained a single-molecule manipulation and
evaluation tech nique. It became possible to fabricate practical
devices using single molecules or small numbers of molecules.
Finally, at the end of the last century, an explosion in the
research field of single-molecule electronics was witnessed. In
addition, studies of "biocomputing" started in the early 1980s and
significant progress was achieved in the last century."
This book describes contemporary efforts to develop nano-molecular systems for future molecular electronics in which single molecules act as the basic elements in electrical circuits. While describing frontier research, it also gives a comprehensive introduction and discusses the related work being pursued worldwide. The book is composed of three parts. The first part describes the synthesis of novel molecules for molecular nano-systems. The second part deals mainly with nano-molecular systems on solid surfaces and the evaluation of the system with SPM. The third part reviews the theory required as a background for molecular electronics.
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