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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, merchants in
China were incorporated into the bourgeoisie and constituted a
vital part of the upstart capitalists. The lowermost class in
ancient China's social hierarchy has thus become a strong force of
social transformation in the modern era. From the angle of the
interaction between the merchant and modern society, this book
examines the factors behind the rise of the merchant class in
China, in terms of its cultural traits, inner structure, and
business modes. First, it analyzes the features and historical
standings of merchant culture which came into existence on the
basis of reworking and integrating Neo-Confucianism. It argues that
merchant culture pushed China's early enlightenment movement to a
new level. Then the rise of the bourgeoisie and their role in the
evolution of modern Chinese society are studied thoroughly. More
importantly, by examining the "golden age" of the merchant after
the 1911 Revolution and its end brought by the Northern Expedition,
this book studies the dilemmas faced by Chinese merchants. Finally,
it probes into the reasons why it was hard for China to go beyond
modern society, that is, completing the transition from commodity
economy to capitalist economy. This book will deepen the
understanding of China's merchant class and modern Chinese society.
Scholars and students in economics, history, sociology, and
cultural studies will be attracted by it.
In ancient China, as the lowermost class in the social hierarchy,
merchants were viewed as greedy and immoral, commanding little
respect. But since the sixteenth century, when China entered modern
times with the sprout of capitalism, merchants have become a strong
force to transform the ancient society. By absorbing methods of
anthropology, psychology, geography, and economics, as well as
cultural and genealogical studies, this book explores the
development and rise of the merchant in modern China. To start
with, it examines the golden times of the merchant and the dilemmas
facing them in the two-millennia-long traditional society where the
"pro-agriculture and anti-commerce" policy was implemented. With
the economic development, merchant groups gradually came into being
and formed a vibrant social class in the modern era. Major merchant
groups, their psychological integration, and the interaction
between merchants and capitalism in China are specifically studied.
Also, merchants' role in the communal life is analyzed, including
their contribution to the making and expansion of modern
communities, which led to China's social transformation. With a
multi-faceted description of Chinese merchants whose development
interweaves with the transformation of the ancient country, this
book will appeal to scholars and students in economics, history,
sociology, and cultural studies. Readers interested in Chinese
culture and social history will also be attracted by it.
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, merchants in
China were incorporated into the bourgeoisie and constituted a
vital part of the upstart capitalists. The lowermost class in
ancient China's social hierarchy has thus become a strong force of
social transformation in the modern era. From the angle of the
interaction between the merchant and modern society, this book
examines the factors behind the rise of the merchant class in
China, in terms of its cultural traits, inner structure, and
business modes. First, it analyzes the features and historical
standings of merchant culture which came into existence on the
basis of reworking and integrating Neo-Confucianism. It argues that
merchant culture pushed China's early enlightenment movement to a
new level. Then the rise of the bourgeoisie and their role in the
evolution of modern Chinese society are studied thoroughly. More
importantly, by examining the "golden age" of the merchant after
the 1911 Revolution and its end brought by the Northern Expedition,
this book studies the dilemmas faced by Chinese merchants. Finally,
it probes into the reasons why it was hard for China to go beyond
modern society, that is, completing the transition from commodity
economy to capitalist economy. This book will deepen the
understanding of China's merchant class and modern Chinese society.
Scholars and students in economics, history, sociology, and
cultural studies will be attracted by it.
In ancient China, as the lowermost class in the social hierarchy,
merchants were viewed as greedy and immoral, commanding little
respect. But since the sixteenth century, when China entered modern
times with the sprout of capitalism, merchants have become a strong
force to transform the ancient society. By absorbing methods of
anthropology, psychology, geography, and economics, as well as
cultural and genealogical studies, this book explores the
development and rise of the merchant in modern China. To start
with, it examines the golden times of the merchant and the dilemmas
facing them in the two-millennia-long traditional society where the
"pro-agriculture and anti-commerce" policy was implemented. With
the economic development, merchant groups gradually came into being
and formed a vibrant social class in the modern era. Major merchant
groups, their psychological integration, and the interaction
between merchants and capitalism in China are specifically studied.
Also, merchants' role in the communal life is analyzed, including
their contribution to the making and expansion of modern
communities, which led to China's social transformation. With a
multi-faceted description of Chinese merchants whose development
interweaves with the transformation of the ancient country, this
book will appeal to scholars and students in economics, history,
sociology, and cultural studies. Readers interested in Chinese
culture and social history will also be attracted by it.
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