Smart Energy: From Fire Making to the Post-Carbon World first traces the history of mankind's discovery and use of energy. It then reviews contemporary issues such as global warming, environmental deterioration, depletion of carbon energy sources, and energy disputes. Next, it evaluates technical innovations, system change, and international cooperation. Then, it tackles how civilization will evolve in light of meeting future energy needs, how Smart Energy will meet these needs, and defines the global mission. It ends with a summary of China's vision of a Smart Energy future. This is required reading for everyone concerned about energy, environment, economy, human survival, and development .

Smart Energy: From Fire Making to the Post-Carbon World first traces the history of mankind's discovery and use of energy. It then reviews contemporary issues such as global warming, environmental deterioration, depletion of carbon energy sources, and energy disputes. Next, it evaluates technical innovations, system change, and international cooperation. Then, it tackles how civilization will evolve in light of meeting future energy needs, how Smart Energy will meet these needs, and defines the global mission. It ends with a summary of China's vision of a Smart Energy future. This is required reading for everyone concerned about energy, environment, economy, human survival, and development .

This book focuses on the theory and design methods for guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) in the context of spacecraft rendezvous and docking (RVD). The position and attitude dynamics and kinematics equations for RVD are presented systematically in accordance with several different coordinate systems, including elliptical orbital frame, and recommendations are supplied on which of these equations to use in different phases of RVD. The book subsequently explains the basic principles and relative navigation algorithms of RVD sensors such as GNSS, radar, and camera-type RVD sensors. It also provides guidance algorithms and schemes for different phases of RVD, including the latest research advances in rapid RVD. In turn, the book presents a detailed introduction to intelligent adaptive control and proposes corresponding theoretical approaches to thruster configuration and control allocation for RVD. Emphasis is placed on the design method of active and passive trajectory protection in different phases of RVD, and on the safety design of the RVD mission as a whole. For purposes of verification, the Shenzhou spacecraft's in-orbit flight mission is introduced as well. All issues addressed are described and explained from basic principles to detailed engineering methods and examples, providing aerospace engineers and students both a basic understanding of, and numerous practical engineering methods for, GNC system design in RVD.

This book focuses on the theory and design methods for guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) in the context of spacecraft rendezvous and docking (RVD). The position and attitude dynamics and kinematics equations for RVD are presented systematically in accordance with several different coordinate systems, including elliptical orbital frame, and recommendations are supplied on which of these equations to use in different phases of RVD. The book subsequently explains the basic principles and relative navigation algorithms of RVD sensors such as GNSS, radar, and camera-type RVD sensors. It also provides guidance algorithms and schemes for different phases of RVD, including the latest research advances in rapid RVD. In turn, the book presents a detailed introduction to intelligent adaptive control and proposes corresponding theoretical approaches to thruster configuration and control allocation for RVD. Emphasis is placed on the design method of active and passive trajectory protection in different phases of RVD, and on the safety design of the RVD mission as a whole. For purposes of verification, the Shenzhou spacecraft's in-orbit flight mission is introduced as well. All issues addressed are described and explained from basic principles to detailed engineering methods and examples, providing aerospace engineers and students both a basic understanding of, and numerous practical engineering methods for, GNC system design in RVD.

This book examines the nature and internal dynamics of China's urban construction land (UCL) development, drawing insights from the recently developed theory of regional political ecology. Based on the author's original research, it identifies two different types of UCL development in China, namely top-down, formal development in the legal and regulated domain, and spontaneous and informal, bottom-up development in the semi-legal, poorly regulated gray domain. Presenting a systematic analysis and comparison, it reveals a scale and speed of informal land development no less significant than that of formal land development, although informal land development tends to be scattered, pervasive, difficult to track, and largely overlooked in research and policy formation. Contrary to the popular perception of the peasantry as passive victims of land development, this book uncovers an intriguing dynamic in which the peasantry has played an increasingly (pro)active role in developing their rural land for urban uses in informal markets. Further, based on an investigation of UCL development in Beijing and Shenzhen, it shows an interesting trajectory in which the uneven growth and utilization of UCL are contingent upon the various developmental milieus in different places. China's land institutions, based on an urban-rural dual land system, are not conducive to the ultimate goal of saving and efficiently utilizing land. Accordingly, an urban-rural integrated land market and management system is highly advisable. The theoretical and empirical enquiry presented challenges the perceived notion of China's UCL development as the outcome of market demand and state supply. Further, it argues for an inclusive treatment of the informality that has characterized urbanization in many developing countries, and for a reassessment of the role played by the peasantry in land-based urbanization.

This book examines the nature and internal dynamics of China's urban construction land (UCL) development, drawing insights from the recently developed theory of regional political ecology. Based on the author's original research, it identifies two different types of UCL development in China, namely top-down, formal development in the legal and regulated domain, and spontaneous and informal, bottom-up development in the semi-legal, poorly regulated gray domain. Presenting a systematic analysis and comparison, it reveals a scale and speed of informal land development no less significant than that of formal land development, although informal land development tends to be scattered, pervasive, difficult to track, and largely overlooked in research and policy formation. Contrary to the popular perception of the peasantry as passive victims of land development, this book uncovers an intriguing dynamic in which the peasantry has played an increasingly (pro)active role in developing their rural land for urban uses in informal markets. Further, based on an investigation of UCL development in Beijing and Shenzhen, it shows an interesting trajectory in which the uneven growth and utilization of UCL are contingent upon the various developmental milieus in different places. China's land institutions, based on an urban-rural dual land system, are not conducive to the ultimate goal of saving and efficiently utilizing land. Accordingly, an urban-rural integrated land market and management system is highly advisable. The theoretical and empirical enquiry presented challenges the perceived notion of China's UCL development as the outcome of market demand and state supply. Further, it argues for an inclusive treatment of the informality that has characterized urbanization in many developing countries, and for a reassessment of the role played by the peasantry in land-based urbanization.

Industrial Process Identification and Control Design is devoted to advanced identification and control methods for the operation of continuous-time processes both with and without time delay, in industrial and chemical engineering practice. The simple and practical step- or relay-feedback test is employed when applying the proposed identification techniques, which are classified in terms of common industrial process type: open-loop stable; integrating; and unstable, respectively. Correspondingly, control system design and tuning models that follow are presented for single-input-single-output processes. Furthermore, new two-degree-of-freedom control strategies and cascade control system design methods are explored with reference to independently-improving, set-point tracking and load disturbance rejection. Decoupling, multi-loop, and decentralized control techniques for the operation of multiple-input-multiple-output processes are also detailed. Perfect tracking of a desire output trajectory is realized using iterative learning control in uncertain industrial batch processes. All the proposed methods are presented in an easy-to-follow style, illustrated by examples and practical applications. This book will be valuable for researchers in system identification and control theory, and will also be of interest to graduate control students from process, chemical, and electrical engineering backgrounds and to practising control engineers in the process industry.

Translational Interventional Radiology, a volume in the Handbook for Designing and Conducting Clinical and Translational Research series, covers the principles of evidence-based medicine and applies these principles to the design of translational investigations in Interventional Radiology. The reader will come to fully understand important concepts including case-control study, prospective cohort study, randomized trial, and reliability study. Medical researchers will benefit from greater confidence in their ability to initiate and execute their own investigations, avoid common pitfalls in Interventional Radiology, and know what is needed for successful collaboration. Further, this reference is an indispensable tool in grant writing and funding efforts. The practical, straightforward approach helps aspiring investigators navigate challenging considerations in study design and implementation. This book provides valuable discussions of the critical appraisal of published studies in Interventional Radiology, elucidating the evaluation of the quality with respect to measuring outcomes and making effective use of all types of evidence in patient care. In short, this practical guide will be of interest to every medical researcher and interventional radiologist who has ever had a good clinical idea but not the knowledge of how to test it.

Industrial Process Identification and Control Design is devoted to advanced identification and control methods for the operation of continuous-time processes both with and without time delay, in industrial and chemical engineering practice. The simple and practical step- or relay-feedback test is employed when applying the proposed identification techniques, which are classified in terms of common industrial process type: open-loop stable; integrating; and unstable, respectively. Correspondingly, control system design and tuning models that follow are presented for single-input-single-output processes. Furthermore, new two-degree-of-freedom control strategies and cascade control system design methods are explored with reference to independently-improving, set-point tracking and load disturbance rejection. Decoupling, multi-loop, and decentralized control techniques for the operation of multiple-input-multiple-output processes are also detailed. Perfect tracking of a desire output trajectory is realized using iterative learning control in uncertain industrial batch processes. All the proposed methods are presented in an easy-to-follow style, illustrated by examples and practical applications. This book will be valuable for researchers in system identification and control theory, and will also be of interest to graduate control students from process, chemical, and electrical engineering backgrounds and to practising control engineers in the process industry.

Rotor angle stability is a topic of fundamental importance in electric power systems. Traditionally, rotor angle stability analysis is oriented to node dynamics, especially the impact of generator modeling and parameters. On the other hand, the power network structural information is simply treated as some coefficients in the system dynamical models, which have been paid less attention. This monograph surveys the network-based theories of rotor angle stability that elaborate the role of power network structure, including the results developed in early years as well as in recent years that are facilitated by the new progress on graph theory. It focuses on the connections between power network structures and system dynamic behaviors, and those graph theoretic tools tailored for power system analysis.This publication provides new insights into some important problems in rotor angle stability that have not been well addressed by the traditional node-based approaches. Network-Based Analysis of Rotor Angle Stability of Power Systems is a must-read for all students and researchers working on the cutting edge of electric power systems.

Seit den 1970er Jahren hat Chinas Wirtschaft einen beispiellosen Aufschwung erlebt. China hat sich in dieser Zeit von einer Planwirtschaft zu einer offenen Wirtschaft entwickelt. Besonders nach dem Beitritt zur WTO ist die Wirtschaft Chinas immer offener geworden. Ein wichtiger Aspekt der aussenwirtschaftlichen Offnung ist die Frage des Wahrungsregimes und des Wechselkurses. Die chinesische Wechselkurpolitik spiegelt die Wirtschaftentwicklung Chinas wider. Vor den 90er Jahren gab es in China keine echte Wahrungspolitik, weil das Wirtschaftsystem noch planwirtschaftlich war. Die Wechselkurspolitik wird aus politischen Grunden festgelegt. Deswegen wird in dieser Arbeit besonders die Wechselkurspolitik seit 1990 diskutiert. Die Wechselkurspolitik Chinas steht gegenwartig in zentralem Fokus der internationalen Finanzmarkte. Die Handelspartnerlander von China z.B. die USA, Japan und die EU werfen China vor, dass sich China mittels eines unterbewerteten RMB einen unfairen Wettbewerbsvorteil verschafft. China gerat zunehmend unter Druck, seine Wahrung RMB aufzuwerten. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist zu analysieren, wie die chinesische Wechselkurspolitik sich in den vergangenen Jahren entwickelt hat, welche Rolle die Wechselkurspolitik fur die Wirtschaftentwicklung Chinas gespielt hat und wie die Wechselkurspolitik in Zukunft festgelegt wird

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich VWL - Finanzwissenschaft, Universitat Siegen, Sprache: Deutsch, Anmerkungen: Seit den 1970er Jahren hat Chinas Wirtschaft einen beispiellosen Aufschwung erlebt. China hat sich in dieser Zeit von einer Planwirtschaft zu einer offenen Wirtschaft entwickelt. Besonders nach dem Beitritt zur WTO ist die Wirtschaft Chinas immer offener geworden. Ein wichtiger Aspekt der aussenwirtschaftlichen Offnung ist die Frage des Wahrungsregimes und des Wechselkurses. Die chinesische Wechselkurpolitik spiegelt die Wirtschaftentwicklung Chinas wider., Abstract: Seit den 1970er Jahren hat Chinas Wirtschaft einen beispiellosen Aufschwung erlebt. China hat sich in dieser Zeit von einer Planwirtschaft zu einer offenen Wirtschaft entwickelt. Besonders nach dem Beitritt zur WTO ist die Wirtschaft Chinas immer offener geworden. Ein wichtiger Aspekt der aussenwirtschaftlichen Offnung ist die Frage des Wahrungsregimes und des Wechselkurses. Die chinesische Wechselkurpolitik spiegelt die Wirtschaftentwicklung Chinas wider. Vor den 90er Jahren gab es in China keine echte Wahrungspolitik, weil das Wirtschaftsystem noch planwirtschaftlich war. Die Wechselkurspolitik wird aus politischen Grunden festgelegt. Deswegen wird in dieser Arbeit besonders die Wechselkurspolitik seit 1990 diskutiert. Die Wechselkurspolitik Chinas steht gegenwartig in zentralem Fokus der internationalen Finanzmarkte. Die Handelspartnerlander von China z.B. die USA, Japan und die EU werfen China vor, dass sich China mittels eines unterbewerteten RMB einen unfairen Wettbewerbsvorteil verschafft. China gerat zunehmend unter Druck, seine Wahrung RMB aufzuwerten. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist zu analysieren, wie die chinesische Wechselkurspolitik sich in den vergangenen Jahren entwickelt hat, welche Rolle die Wechselkurspolitik fur die Wirtschaftentwicklung Chinas gespielt hat und wie die Wechselkurspolitik in Zukunft festgelegt wir

A unique effort in the CHINESE LEARNING SERIES is the strong push on developing student's reading comprehension in Chinese, although high quality education on other skills are also provided in high standard, e.g. verbal communication and writing. Reading comprehension is known as one of the most challenging bottlenecks in Chinese education as a second language. The best practices to be incorporated in our program are based on 1) modern second language education theories; 2) maximum language input; and 3) student centric curriculum, instruction and assessment. CHINESE LEARNING SERIES adopts a "maximum acquisition" methodology, which is designed based on Stephen Krashen's "Input Hypothesis," pedagogy and educational psychology. Basically, CHINESE LEARNING SERIES students acquire Chinese in a natural order by receiving comprehensible and constructional verse input from classical poems. Multimedia tools are incorporated in CHINESE LEARNING SERIES, e.g. pictures, animation, software and character cards that help students memorize and reflect the Chinese characters that they learnt. Students maximize their language input utilizing poems, animation, games and other effective and interactive means in classroom and at home. Students learn while "playing." CHINESE LEARNING SERIES teaching and practice materials are easy to follow and fun to use. It has been proven highly effective to have young children reading and reciting famous poems during the past two years. It helps to develop and establish student's Chinese language sense. "Recitation" not only overcomes the learner's anxiety of "foreign language," but also turns tacit knowledge into explicit language. The repetition rate in CHINESE LEARNING SERIES is determined based on the laws of forgetting rate in human, e.g. the contents need to be repeated 6 times at different time points to ensure the students memorizing what they learned. Exercises and reviews after school are weighed equally important as what they learned in class. The CHINESE LEARNING SERIES development team has put in substantial efforts in designing student homework exercise materials, which include the use of multimedia CD with sound, animation, games and other interactive exercises, the word cards and reading exercises on paper. In general, all contents will be reviewed 6 times in different ways in six months so that the students can achieve a permanent memory. We also ask students to listen stories we provide to them at least twice a week. Listening is an important component in building language senses. During the entire six-year CHINESE LEARNING SERIES instruction, the development of reading comprehension progresses following the order of "listening to read," "semi-independent reading" and "independent reading." More detail series and course information, go to http: //gwcs-md.org

Die Studie analysiert erstmals die Einfuhrung einer gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung in China in den 2000er Jahren, basierend auf umfangreichen Feldforschungen. Mit der Unfallversicherung hat sich China fur die Idee individueller sozialer Rechte geoeffnet, die weder in der konfuzianischen noch der sino-kommunistischen Tradition verankert ist. Der Autor zeigt, dass dieser Durchbruch wesentlich auf Prozesse globaler Wissensdiffusion zuruckzufuhren ist, zu der internationale Organisationen und vor allem die Trager der deutschen gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung beigetragen haben. Erganzend wird die weltweite Verbreitung unterschiedlicher Modelle der Unfallversicherung dargestellt. Theoretisch wird die Diffusion in den Zusammenhang einer emergierenden "Weltkultur" gestellt.