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The term humanized mouse in this text refers to a mouse in which
human tissues and cells have been transplanted and show the same
biological function as they do in the human body. That is, the
physiological properties and functions of tra- planted human
tissues and cells can be analyzed in the mouse instead of using a
living human body. It should therefore be possible to study the
pathophysiology and treatment of human diseases in mice with good
reproducibility. Thus, the hum- ized mouse can be used as a potent
tool in both basic and clinical research in the future. The
development of appropriate immunodeficient mice has been
indispensable in the creation of the humanized mouse, which has
been achieved through many years of efforts by several
laboratories. The first stage on the road to the humanized mouse
was the report on nude mice by Isaacson and Cattanach in 1962.
Thereafter, nude mice were studied in detail by Falanagan and, in
1968, Pantelouris found that these mice have no thymus gland, which
suggested that the mice lack transplan- tion immunity against
xenografts such as human hematopoietic stem cells. At the Nude
Mouse Workshops (organized by Regard, Povlsen, Nomura and
colleagues) that were held nine times between 1972 and 1997, the
possibility of creating a humanized mouse using nude mice was
extensively examined. The results, however, showed that certain
human cancers can be engrafted in nude mice, but unfortunately
engraftment of normal human tissue was almost impossible.
The term humanized mouse in this text refers to a mouse in which
human tissues and cells have been transplanted and show the same
biological function as they do in the human body. That is, the
physiological properties and functions of tra- planted human
tissues and cells can be analyzed in the mouse instead of using a
living human body. It should therefore be possible to study the
pathophysiology and treatment of human diseases in mice with good
reproducibility. Thus, the hum- ized mouse can be used as a potent
tool in both basic and clinical research in the future. The
development of appropriate immunodeficient mice has been
indispensable in the creation of the humanized mouse, which has
been achieved through many years of efforts by several
laboratories. The first stage on the road to the humanized mouse
was the report on nude mice by Isaacson and Cattanach in 1962.
Thereafter, nude mice were studied in detail by Falanagan and, in
1968, Pantelouris found that these mice have no thymus gland, which
suggested that the mice lack transplan- tion immunity against
xenografts such as human hematopoietic stem cells. At the Nude
Mouse Workshops (organized by Regard, Povlsen, Nomura and
colleagues) that were held nine times between 1972 and 1997, the
possibility of creating a humanized mouse using nude mice was
extensively examined. The results, however, showed that certain
human cancers can be engrafted in nude mice, but unfortunately
engraftment of normal human tissue was almost impossible.
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