Monitoring and analysis of public expenditure on HIV/AIDS is vital given the severity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the substantial inflows of donor funds, and the critical need for investment from the national fiscus. Funding the fight aims to examine how governments in four African and five Latin American countries are funding the fight against HIV/AIDS, and simultaneously builds capacity for HIV/AIDS budget analysis within civil society. This study is unprecedented and invaluable for its unique research into government budget allocations for HIV/AIDS in these countries. No other such recent, targeted research exists in these countries, let alone is collected for its comparative value from a regional and cross-continental perspective. The research was generated by local, independent institutions within the countries concerned. The report therefore represents a collective effort by local NGOs to monitor their own government spending on HIV/AIDS, and thus to act as a watchdog to ensure that government resource allocation decisions reflect vital public priorities. The AIDS budget Unit (ABU) of Idasa contributes to the fight against HIV/AIDS in South Africa by engaging in research and training on resource-tracking for HIV/AIDS. In addition to monitoring government resource allocation for HIV/AIDS, ABU works to build capacity among civil society organisations and parliamentarians to actively engage in the South African budget process.