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This book addresses the intersection of extractivism, populism, and
accountability. Although populist politics are often portrayed as a
driver of poor environmental governance, Populist Moments and
Extractivist States identifies it as an intervening variable at
best - one that emerges in response to the accountability deficits
of extractive states. Case studies in Venezuela - for many, the
prototypical petrostate - and Ecuador - which exchanged
agribusiness dependency for oil decades later - illustrate how
extractive states are oriented by a colonial logic of export and
service. This logic regulates state-society-nature relationships
and circumscribes avenues for local stakeholders to hold public
officials and extractive industries to account for environmental
and human harms. Populist moments of the early 21st century across
Latin America responded to these conditions, promising more
equitable and sustainable futures. However, rather than reversing
the technocracy, verticalism, and exclusion of the recent past,
populist moments often intensified and legitimated them in the
drive to maximize and distribute resource rents. The result has
been cyclical, as populist moments of hope and rupture fall prey to
the extractivist states they tried, and failed, to replace.
An examination of whether accountability mechanisms in global
environmental governance that focus on monitoring and enforcement
necessarily lead to better governance and better environmental
outcomes. The rapid development of global environmental governance
has been accompanied by questions of accountability. Efforts to
address what has been called "a culture of unaccountability"
include greater transparency, public justification for governance
decisions, and the establishment of monitoring and enforcement
procedures. And yet, as this volume shows, these can lead to an
"accountability trap"-a focus on accountability measures rather
than improved environmental outcomes. Through analyses and case
studies, the contributors consider how accountability is being used
within global environmental governance and if the proliferation of
accountability tools enables governance to better address global
environmental deterioration. Examining public, private, voluntary,
and hybrid types of global environmental governance, the volume
shows that the different governance goals of the various actors
shape the accompanying accountability processes. These goals-from
serving constituents to reaping economic benefits-determine to whom
and for what the actors must account. After laying out a
theoretical framework for its analyses, the book addresses
governance in the key areas of climate change, biodiversity,
fisheries, and trade and global value chains. The contributors find
that normative biases shape accountability processes, and they
explore the potential of feedback mechanisms between institutions
and accountability rules for enabling better governance and better
environmental outcomes. Contributors Graeme Auld, Harro van Asselt,
Cristina Balboa, Lieke Brouwer, Lorraine Elliott, Lars H.
Gulbrandsen, Aarti Gupta, Teresa Kramarz, Susan Park, Philipp
Pattberg, William H. Schaedla, Hamish van der Ven, Oscar Widerberg
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