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Elements Top TrumpsTM is an entertaining, fast-paced chemistry card
game. With eye-catching imagery and fascinating facts about the
elements, it's a great way to have fun and learn about the
elements. Recommended for children aged 7-14, the game can be
played by two or more players. Each of the 30 cards represents an
element. Players compare numerical properties of the elements
(melting point, density, price, discovery date and the size of the
atom) and choose the category they think will win. Elements Top
Trumps is created by the Royal Society of Chemistry in partnership
with Winning Moves Ltd, the makers of Top TrumpsTM. This product is
also available in packs of six.
Developments in cryo-electron microscopy are creating new
opportunities within structural biology and there is currently
great interest in developing cryo-EM as a core tool for atomic
level structural biology. Many structural techniques can give
atomic or near atomic level information, but lack the ability to
study proteins within a near-native environment, for example within
a cellular compartment. Cryo-EM provides this opportunity, but
despite the recent massive improvements in single particle cryo-EM,
obtaining sub-2A structural information is still a major challenge.
Cryo-electron microscopy has undergone significant developments in
microscope design, camera technology and data processing regimes,
but there are significant challenges that remain and opportunities
to explore, many of which must be tackled by the community as a
whole, rather than by individual groups. For example, sample
preparation is central to electron microscopy and is currently a
significant bottleneck in many experiments, and there are
significant problems with ensuring the integrity of the field in
terms of dealing with inherently low signal-to-noise images. This
volume brings together leading researchers from the UK and the
international cryo-electron microscopy community to discuss current
developments and new challenges in the field. In this volume the
topics covered include: Sample preparation in single particle
cryo-EM Pushing the limits in single particle cryo-EM Tomographic
analysis, CLEM Map/model validation and machine learning in EM
Gas and liquid-phase unimolecular reactions are central to the
complex chemistry of a large number of processes, from those
occurring in the Earth's atmosphere to those involved in
transportation, power and manufacturing. Improving our
understanding of the fundamental chemistry of these processes is
critical to solving contemporary challenges such as climate change,
as well as improving industrial efficiency. One hundred years have
passed since the proposal of the Lindemann mechanism in 1922, and
the current state of this field is as exciting and important as
ever. The unique format of the Faraday Discussions allows for
in-depth discussions across the full scope of the field, from new
perspectives in kinetics and dynamics to application to current
challenges such as atmospheric pollution, alternative fuels and
industrial processes. This volume brings together global leaders to
examine the current state of unimolecular reaction experiments as
well as theory and applications to current challenges. In this
volume the topics covered are organised into the following themes:
Collisional energy transfer The reaction step The Master Equation
Impact of Lindemann and related theories
There is currently significant interest in exploring and
identifying new inorganic solar energy conversion systems based on
Earth-abundant non-toxic materials for future sustainable energy
applications and technologies. Developments in emergent inorganic
absorbers are closely tied to the ability of researchers to
correlate and predict device performance from structural and
optical properties. The understanding of material structure and
bonding and their effect on performance are key to developing
guiding principles for design and screening of inorganic
photovoltaic materials. Progress toward such understanding is
facilitated by state-of-the-art tools for structural and electronic
characterisation of semiconductor materials and interfaces, as well
as device design and performance analysis. Further insight is
provided by computer modelling and simulations. This volume brings
together internationally leading scientists working in areas of
material design and modelling, structural and electronic
characterisation, and device design and performance analysis, to
explore and exchange ideas on emerging inorganic thin-film
photovoltaics based on Earth abundant non-toxic materials. In this
volume, the topics covered include: Indium-free CIGS analogues Bulk
and surface characterisation techniques of solar absorbers Novel
chalcogenides, pnictides and defect-tolerant semiconductors
Materials design and bonding
Ultrafast science has long been limited to the investigation of
molecular processes. Over the past 10 years investigation of
ultrafast processes has expanded to material science, including
aspects relevant to the solid-state such as excitation of electrons
in band structures and collective phonon excitation. Specific
probes for electronic and structural reorganization, such as X-ray
diffraction and ARPES, have been advanced. Furthermore,
experimental techniques including XFEL science, THz science and
various pump-probe methods, as well as the theoretical
understanding of ultrafast, out-of-equilibrium and multiscale
processes driven by light or THz excitation, have seen rapid
development. This volume brings together a complementarity of
internationally-leading experimental material scientists and
theoreticians in this field to explore and exchange their ideas
about the key aspects of ultrafast science, designing new ways to
control materials and understanding transformation processes. The
topics covered include: Material science: ultrafast transformation,
electron-phonon coupling, multi-scale aspects Theory of out of
equilibrium light-induced phenomena Optical excitation processes
THz and laser field excitation processes
Technical advances in probing surface chemistry with photoelectron
spectroscopy under ambient pressures and at buried interfaces
enables us to capture information on the chemical state under
conditions close to real life applications. Meanwhile time-resolved
XAS and XES provide the capability of capturing snapshots of the
electronic structure of surface states in the femtosecond time
regime allowing us to probe reaction pathways with unprecedented
precision. There is also a transformation in access to these
techniques. These new approaches are changing our understanding of
surface chemistry in an extremely diverse range of applications,
from device manufacture to in-vivo sensing to catalysis. It is very
timely to consider this new knowledge emerging and explore the
potential applications of these tools to other areas. Join
international leaders in the field as they explore and exchange
ideas about the key aspects of surface science, helping to develop
the roadmap to shape the surface chemistry landscape for the years
ahead. The topics covered include: In-situ methods: discoveries and
challenges Buried interfaces Time resolved surface analysis
(kinetic and molecular timescales) Future directions
Crystallisation, the spontaneous arrangement of molecular building
blocks into ordered solid particles, is a fascinating phenomenon.
Understanding the dynamic, molecular-scale processes that underlie
crystal nucleation and growth holds the key to designing the
production of specific crystalline materials The ability to induce
crystallisation how, when and where we want it is key to material
synthesis. Such capabilities will transform industrial and
environmental sectors, including healthcare, formulated products,
oil and gas, water, mining and advanced materials. This Discussion
focuses on the following four themes: Understanding crystal
nucleation mechanisms: where do we stand? Growing crystals by
design Controlling polymorphism Learning Lessons from Nature - the
future of biomimetics
Iontronics is a newly emerging field of research that studies the
science and technology of electronic properties and functions
controlled by the movement and arrangement of ions, such as Na+,
Cl- or Ca2+. The driving forces in iontronics include electric,
diffusive and convective forces due to the presence of fluid flows.
This multidisciplinary field lies at the interface between physics,
chemistry, electronic engineering and even biological sciences. The
coupling between charge and fluid transport has found a wide range
of applications, from signal transduction to energy generation or
storage, flexible electronics, healthcare-related devices, membrane
technology, and imaging at the nanoscale. This volume brings
together internationally leading researchers in this new
interdisciplinary field to explore and exchange ideas on the
physical and chemical principles underlying these phenomena, and
the advances in both fundamental research and industrial
applications. In this volume the topics covered include: Iontronic
coupling Iontronic dynamics Iontronics under confinement Iontronic
microscopy
There is much speculation about the chemistry occurring in
astronomical environments, but without observation of such
environments, speculation is without foundation. Observational
astrochemistry is the foundation on which astrochemistry is built.
It offers us a window into a world that would otherwise be beyond
our reach. Chemical spectroscopy lets us identify chemical species
and probe their environments; gas-phase, surface, solid-state and
photochemically-induced chemical processes drive the evolution of
our Galaxy and others; chemical evolution controls the formation of
stars and planets; chemistry is the forerunner that brings us to
the edge of biology and of life itself. This window on our universe
is being opened more widely as a revolution in the observational
capabilities available to astronomers is expected to continue
through the 2020s and beyond. This Faraday Discussion volume brings
together internationally leading experimental and theoretical
scientists from across the fields of astronomy, chemistry, and
physics to explore and exchange their ideas about our chemical
understanding of the Universe. The topics are organised into the
following sections: Observational astrochemistry in the age of
ALMA, NOEMA, JWST and beyond Laboratory astrochemistry of the gas
phase Laboratory astrochemistry of and on dust and ices
Computational astrochemistry
Elements Top TrumpsTM is an entertaining, fast-paced chemistry card
game. With eye-catching imagery and fascinating facts about the
elements, it's a great way to have fun and learn about the
elements. Recommended for children aged 7-14, the game can be
played by two or more players. Each of the 30 cards represents an
element. Players compare numerical properties of the elements
(melting point, density, price, discovery date and the size of the
atom) and choose the category they think will win. Elements Top
Trumps is created by the Royal Society of Chemistry in partnership
with Winning Moves Ltd, the makers of Top TrumpsTM. This product is
sold in packs of six. Individual purchases are also available.
Industrial scale ammonia synthesis, as accomplished by the
Haber–Bosch process, was a landmark achievement of the 20th
century. However, as currently practiced, including feedstock
generation, the process accounts for 1–2% of global energy demand
and contributes significant fossil-fuel-based CO2 emissions.
Accordingly, there is much contemporary interest in the development
of more sustainable ammonia synthesis routes which could, for
example, be operated on the local scale employing renewable energy.
The five themes of this discussion unite different research
communities around a topic of mutual interest and great societal
importance, with particular emphasis placed upon the transfer of
learning between the different themes. The discussion focuses on
the following themes: Heterogeneous catalytic and chemical looping
routes to N2 activation Electrocatalytic and photocatalytic routes
to N2 activation Enzymatic N2 activation Homogeneous N2 activation
Alternative routes to NH3 and its applications
The areas of synthesis and catalysis are largely driven by
non-covalent interactions, and it is therefore essential to
understand, control, and manipulate them. Doing so would allow for
the optimisation of the properties and functions of new catalysts
across the length scales. The current challenges involved in this
area include structure determination of reactive intermediates,
ascertaining structure-activity relationships, modelling transient
states in catalytic cycles, and developing processes for reliable
synthesis of non-covalent systems. The format of Faraday
Discussions facilitates in-depth, dedicated discussions between
researchers from across the area of synthesis and catalysis. This
allows for a wide range of valuable insights and perspectives on
the leading areas of the field. This volume brings together
internationally leading researchers in the fields of synthesis,
materials, and catalysis, particularly involving systems where
non-covalent interactions are a crucial factor. In this volume the
topics covered include: The importance of non-covalent interactions
in synthesis Understanding the structural and electronic changes
within these catalytic systems Modelling and computational analysis
of reactive sites Controlling the activity and selectivity of a
synthetic catalyst by manipulation of the surroundings
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