Elements Top TrumpsTM is an entertaining, fast-paced chemistry card game. With eye-catching imagery and fascinating facts about the elements, it's a great way to have fun and learn about the elements. Recommended for children aged 7-14, the game can be played by two or more players. Each of the 30 cards represents an element. Players compare numerical properties of the elements (melting point, density, price, discovery date and the size of the atom) and choose the category they think will win. Elements Top Trumps is created by the Royal Society of Chemistry in partnership with Winning Moves Ltd, the makers of Top TrumpsTM. This product is also available in packs of six.

Developments in cryo-electron microscopy are creating new opportunities within structural biology and there is currently great interest in developing cryo-EM as a core tool for atomic level structural biology. Many structural techniques can give atomic or near atomic level information, but lack the ability to study proteins within a near-native environment, for example within a cellular compartment. Cryo-EM provides this opportunity, but despite the recent massive improvements in single particle cryo-EM, obtaining sub-2A structural information is still a major challenge. Cryo-electron microscopy has undergone significant developments in microscope design, camera technology and data processing regimes, but there are significant challenges that remain and opportunities to explore, many of which must be tackled by the community as a whole, rather than by individual groups. For example, sample preparation is central to electron microscopy and is currently a significant bottleneck in many experiments, and there are significant problems with ensuring the integrity of the field in terms of dealing with inherently low signal-to-noise images. This volume brings together leading researchers from the UK and the international cryo-electron microscopy community to discuss current developments and new challenges in the field. In this volume the topics covered include: Sample preparation in single particle cryo-EM Pushing the limits in single particle cryo-EM Tomographic analysis, CLEM Map/model validation and machine learning in EM

Gas and liquid-phase unimolecular reactions are central to the complex chemistry of a large number of processes, from those occurring in the Earth's atmosphere to those involved in transportation, power and manufacturing. Improving our understanding of the fundamental chemistry of these processes is critical to solving contemporary challenges such as climate change, as well as improving industrial efficiency. One hundred years have passed since the proposal of the Lindemann mechanism in 1922, and the current state of this field is as exciting and important as ever. The unique format of the Faraday Discussions allows for in-depth discussions across the full scope of the field, from new perspectives in kinetics and dynamics to application to current challenges such as atmospheric pollution, alternative fuels and industrial processes. This volume brings together global leaders to examine the current state of unimolecular reaction experiments as well as theory and applications to current challenges. In this volume the topics covered are organised into the following themes: Collisional energy transfer The reaction step The Master Equation Impact of Lindemann and related theories

There is currently significant interest in exploring and identifying new inorganic solar energy conversion systems based on Earth-abundant non-toxic materials for future sustainable energy applications and technologies. Developments in emergent inorganic absorbers are closely tied to the ability of researchers to correlate and predict device performance from structural and optical properties. The understanding of material structure and bonding and their effect on performance are key to developing guiding principles for design and screening of inorganic photovoltaic materials. Progress toward such understanding is facilitated by state-of-the-art tools for structural and electronic characterisation of semiconductor materials and interfaces, as well as device design and performance analysis. Further insight is provided by computer modelling and simulations. This volume brings together internationally leading scientists working in areas of material design and modelling, structural and electronic characterisation, and device design and performance analysis, to explore and exchange ideas on emerging inorganic thin-film photovoltaics based on Earth abundant non-toxic materials. In this volume, the topics covered include: Indium-free CIGS analogues Bulk and surface characterisation techniques of solar absorbers Novel chalcogenides, pnictides and defect-tolerant semiconductors Materials design and bonding

Ultrafast science has long been limited to the investigation of molecular processes. Over the past 10 years investigation of ultrafast processes has expanded to material science, including aspects relevant to the solid-state such as excitation of electrons in band structures and collective phonon excitation. Specific probes for electronic and structural reorganization, such as X-ray diffraction and ARPES, have been advanced. Furthermore, experimental techniques including XFEL science, THz science and various pump-probe methods, as well as the theoretical understanding of ultrafast, out-of-equilibrium and multiscale processes driven by light or THz excitation, have seen rapid development. This volume brings together a complementarity of internationally-leading experimental material scientists and theoreticians in this field to explore and exchange their ideas about the key aspects of ultrafast science, designing new ways to control materials and understanding transformation processes. The topics covered include: Material science: ultrafast transformation, electron-phonon coupling, multi-scale aspects Theory of out of equilibrium light-induced phenomena Optical excitation processes THz and laser field excitation processes

Technical advances in probing surface chemistry with photoelectron spectroscopy under ambient pressures and at buried interfaces enables us to capture information on the chemical state under conditions close to real life applications. Meanwhile time-resolved XAS and XES provide the capability of capturing snapshots of the electronic structure of surface states in the femtosecond time regime allowing us to probe reaction pathways with unprecedented precision. There is also a transformation in access to these techniques. These new approaches are changing our understanding of surface chemistry in an extremely diverse range of applications, from device manufacture to in-vivo sensing to catalysis. It is very timely to consider this new knowledge emerging and explore the potential applications of these tools to other areas. Join international leaders in the field as they explore and exchange ideas about the key aspects of surface science, helping to develop the roadmap to shape the surface chemistry landscape for the years ahead. The topics covered include: In-situ methods: discoveries and challenges Buried interfaces Time resolved surface analysis (kinetic and molecular timescales) Future directions

Crystallisation, the spontaneous arrangement of molecular building blocks into ordered solid particles, is a fascinating phenomenon. Understanding the dynamic, molecular-scale processes that underlie crystal nucleation and growth holds the key to designing the production of specific crystalline materials The ability to induce crystallisation how, when and where we want it is key to material synthesis. Such capabilities will transform industrial and environmental sectors, including healthcare, formulated products, oil and gas, water, mining and advanced materials. This Discussion focuses on the following four themes: Understanding crystal nucleation mechanisms: where do we stand? Growing crystals by design Controlling polymorphism Learning Lessons from Nature - the future of biomimetics

Iontronics is a newly emerging field of research that studies the science and technology of electronic properties and functions controlled by the movement and arrangement of ions, such as Na+, Cl- or Ca2+. The driving forces in iontronics include electric, diffusive and convective forces due to the presence of fluid flows. This multidisciplinary field lies at the interface between physics, chemistry, electronic engineering and even biological sciences. The coupling between charge and fluid transport has found a wide range of applications, from signal transduction to energy generation or storage, flexible electronics, healthcare-related devices, membrane technology, and imaging at the nanoscale. This volume brings together internationally leading researchers in this new interdisciplinary field to explore and exchange ideas on the physical and chemical principles underlying these phenomena, and the advances in both fundamental research and industrial applications. In this volume the topics covered include: Iontronic coupling Iontronic dynamics Iontronics under confinement Iontronic microscopy

There is much speculation about the chemistry occurring in astronomical environments, but without observation of such environments, speculation is without foundation. Observational astrochemistry is the foundation on which astrochemistry is built. It offers us a window into a world that would otherwise be beyond our reach. Chemical spectroscopy lets us identify chemical species and probe their environments; gas-phase, surface, solid-state and photochemically-induced chemical processes drive the evolution of our Galaxy and others; chemical evolution controls the formation of stars and planets; chemistry is the forerunner that brings us to the edge of biology and of life itself. This window on our universe is being opened more widely as a revolution in the observational capabilities available to astronomers is expected to continue through the 2020s and beyond. This Faraday Discussion volume brings together internationally leading experimental and theoretical scientists from across the fields of astronomy, chemistry, and physics to explore and exchange their ideas about our chemical understanding of the Universe. The topics are organised into the following sections: Observational astrochemistry in the age of ALMA, NOEMA, JWST and beyond Laboratory astrochemistry of the gas phase Laboratory astrochemistry of and on dust and ices Computational astrochemistry

Elements Top TrumpsTM is an entertaining, fast-paced chemistry card game. With eye-catching imagery and fascinating facts about the elements, it's a great way to have fun and learn about the elements. Recommended for children aged 7-14, the game can be played by two or more players. Each of the 30 cards represents an element. Players compare numerical properties of the elements (melting point, density, price, discovery date and the size of the atom) and choose the category they think will win. Elements Top Trumps is created by the Royal Society of Chemistry in partnership with Winning Moves Ltd, the makers of Top TrumpsTM. This product is sold in packs of six. Individual purchases are also available.

Industrial scale ammonia synthesis, as accomplished by the Haber–Bosch process, was a landmark achievement of the 20th century. However, as currently practiced, including feedstock generation, the process accounts for 1–2% of global energy demand and contributes significant fossil-fuel-based CO2 emissions. Accordingly, there is much contemporary interest in the development of more sustainable ammonia synthesis routes which could, for example, be operated on the local scale employing renewable energy. The five themes of this discussion unite different research communities around a topic of mutual interest and great societal importance, with particular emphasis placed upon the transfer of learning between the different themes. The discussion focuses on the following themes: Heterogeneous catalytic and chemical looping routes to N2 activation Electrocatalytic and photocatalytic routes to N2 activation Enzymatic N2 activation Homogeneous N2 activation Alternative routes to NH3 and its applications

The areas of synthesis and catalysis are largely driven by non-covalent interactions, and it is therefore essential to understand, control, and manipulate them. Doing so would allow for the optimisation of the properties and functions of new catalysts across the length scales. The current challenges involved in this area include structure determination of reactive intermediates, ascertaining structure-activity relationships, modelling transient states in catalytic cycles, and developing processes for reliable synthesis of non-covalent systems. The format of Faraday Discussions facilitates in-depth, dedicated discussions between researchers from across the area of synthesis and catalysis. This allows for a wide range of valuable insights and perspectives on the leading areas of the field. This volume brings together internationally leading researchers in the fields of synthesis, materials, and catalysis, particularly involving systems where non-covalent interactions are a crucial factor. In this volume the topics covered include: The importance of non-covalent interactions in synthesis Understanding the structural and electronic changes within these catalytic systems Modelling and computational analysis of reactive sites Controlling the activity and selectivity of a synthetic catalyst by manipulation of the surroundings