Exponential growth in population and improved standards of living demand increasing amount of freshwater and are putting serious strain on the quantity of naturally available freshwater worldwide. Water Management: Social and Technological Perspectives discusses developments in energy-efficient water production, management, wastewater treatment, and social and political aspects related to water management and re-use of treated water. It features a scientific and technological perspective to meeting current and future needs, discussing such technologies as membrane separation using reverse osmosis, the use of nanoparticles for adsorption of impurities from wastewater, and the use of thermal methods for desalination. The book also discusses increasing the efficiency of water usage in industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications to ensure a sustainable system of water production, usage, and recycling. With 30 chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, this work offers readers a comprehensive view of both social and technological outlooks to help solve this global issue.

The manner in which time is captured forms the foundation for synthesis, design, and optimization in batch chemical plants. However, there are still serious challenges with handling time in batch plants. Most techniques tend to assume either a fixed time dimension or adopt time average models to tame the time dimension, thereby simplifying the resultant mathematical models. A direct consequence of this simplification is a suboptimal process. Synthesis, Design, and Resource Optimization in Batch Chemical Plants aims to close this scientific gap. Presenting state-of-the art models for the scheduling, synthesis, design, and resource optimization of batch chemical processes, this cutting-edge text: Describes different ways to represent and capture time in the optimal allocation of tasks to various units with the objective of maximizing throughput or minimizing makespan Covers synthesis and design where the objective is mainly to yield a chemical facility, which satisfies all the targets with minimum capital cost investment Deals with resource conservation aspects in batch plants, where water and energy take the center stage Synthesis, Design, and Resource Optimization in Batch Chemical Plants offers a comprehensive discussion of scheduling techniques, continuous-time formulations, and the synthesis and design of chemical plants that optimally utilize water and energy resources.

Post-earthquake fire is one of the most complicated problems resulting from earthquakes and presents a serious risk to urban structures. Most standards and codes ignore the possibility of post-earthquake fire; thus it is not factored in when determining the ability of buildings to withstand load. This book describes the effects of post-earthquake fire on partially damaged buildings located in seismic urban regions. The book quantifies the level of associated post-earthquake fire effects, and discusses methods for mitigating the risk at both the macro scale and micro scale. The macro scale strategies address urban regions while the micro scale strategies address building structures, covering both existing buildings and those that are yet to be designed.

Batch chemical processes, so often employed in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical fields, differ significantly from standard continuous operations in the emphasis upon time as a critical factor in their synthesis and design. With this inclusive guide to batch chemical processes, the author introduces the reader to key aspects in mathematical modeling of batch processes and presents techniques to overcome the computational complexity in order to yield models that are solvable in near real-time. This book demonstrates how batch processes can be analyzed, synthesized, and designed optimally using proven mathematical formulations. The text effectively demonstrates how water and energy aspects can be incorporated within the scheduling framework that seeks to capture the essence of time. It presents real-life case studies where mathematical modeling of batch plants has been successfully applied.

The manner in which time is captured forms the foundation for synthesis, design, and optimization in batch chemical plants. However, there are still serious challenges with handling time in batch plants. Most techniques tend to assume either a fixed time dimension or adopt time average models to tame the time dimension, thereby simplifying the resultant mathematical models. A direct consequence of this simplification is a suboptimal process. Synthesis, Design, and Resource Optimization in Batch Chemical Plants aims to close this scientific gap. Presenting state-of-the art models for the scheduling, synthesis, design, and resource optimization of batch chemical processes, this cutting-edge text: Describes different ways to represent and capture time in the optimal allocation of tasks to various units with the objective of maximizing throughput or minimizing makespan Covers synthesis and design where the objective is mainly to yield a chemical facility, which satisfies all the targets with minimum capital cost investment Deals with resource conservation aspects in batch plants, where water and energy take the center stage Synthesis, Design, and Resource Optimization in Batch Chemical Plants offers a comprehensive discussion of scheduling techniques, continuous-time formulations, and the synthesis and design of chemical plants that optimally utilize water and energy resources.

"Batch Chemical Process Integration: Analysis, Synthesis and Optimization" is an excellent source of information on state-of-the-art mathematical and graphical techniques for analysis, synthesis and optimization of batch chemical plants. It covers recent techniques in batch process integration with a particular focus on the capabilities of the mathematical techniques. There is a section on graphical techniques as well as performance comparison between graphical and mathematical techniques. Prior to delving into the intricacies of wastewater minimisation and heat integration in batch processes, the book introduces the reader to the basics of scheduling which is aimed at capturing the essence of time. A chapter on the synthesis of batch plants to highlight the importance of time in design of batch plants is also presented through a real-life case study. The book is targeted at undergraduates and postgraduate students, researchers in batch process integration, practising engineers and technical managers.

Batch Chemical Process Integration: Analysis, Synthesis and Optimization is an excellent source of information on state-of-the-art mathematical and graphical techniques for analysis, synthesis and optimization of batch chemical plants. It covers recent techniques in batch process integration with a particular focus on the capabilities of the mathematical techniques. There is a section on graphical techniques as well as performance comparison between graphical and mathematical techniques. Prior to delving into the intricacies of wastewater minimisation and heat integration in batch processes, the book introduces the reader to the basics of scheduling which is aimed at capturing the essence of time. A chapter on the synthesis of batch plants to highlight the importance of time in design of batch plants is also presented through a real-life case study.

The book is targeted at undergraduates and postgraduate students, researchers in batch process integration, practising engineers and technical managers."

Exponential growth in population and improved standards of living demand increasing amount of freshwater and are putting serious strain on the quantity of naturally available freshwater worldwide. Water Management: Social and Technological Perspectives discusses developments in energy-efficient water production, management, wastewater treatment, and social and political aspects related to water management and re-use of treated water. It features a scientific and technological perspective to meeting current and future needs, discussing such technologies as membrane separation using reverse osmosis, the use of nanoparticles for adsorption of impurities from wastewater, and the use of thermal methods for desalination. The book also discusses increasing the efficiency of water usage in industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications to ensure a sustainable system of water production, usage, and recycling. With 30 chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, this work offers readers a comprehensive view of both social and technological outlooks to help solve this global issue.

Batch chemical processes, so often employed in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical fields, differ significantly from standard continuous operations in the emphasis upon time as a critical factor in their synthesis and design. With this inclusive guide to batch chemical processes, the author introduces the reader to key aspects in mathematical modeling of batch processes and presents techniques to overcome the computational complexity in order to yield models that are solvable in near real-time. This book demonstrates how batch processes can be analyzed, synthesized, and designed optimally using proven mathematical formulations. The text effectively demonstrates how water and energy aspects can be incorporated within the scheduling framework that seeks to capture the essence of time. It presents real-life case studies where mathematical modeling of batch plants has been successfully applied.