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The papers in this volume bring together a cross-disciplinary mix
of researchers--developmental psychologists, evolutionary
biologists, economists, anthropologists, and sociologists--working
on the common theme of investments in children. The
interdisciplinary conceptual framework adopted by this collection
of papers is loosely built around the idea that there are two broad
dimensions of parental investments. These include resources (e.g.,
income, wealth) on the one hand, and behaviors (e.g., parental
instrumental support and parental activities that promote warmth,
socialization, and cognitive stimulation) on the other. Believing
that parental investments yield a "return" in improved child and
young adult outcomes, the papers discuss how parents differ in
terms of the resources they have available to invest, the choices
parents make, the behaviors they engage in, and relevant policy and
program interventions. More specifically, core questions addressed
by the authors include: Why do some families invest while others do
not and are differential investment patterns related to biology,
economics, or social factors? What constitutes a successful
"investment portfolio?" How are "investments" measured and/or
characterized? Are different investments interchangeable,
compensating, or off-setting? Given a set of resources, why are
some families able to make more effective investments in child
outcomes? How well do these investments affect outcomes for
children and for these children as young adults? Can interventions
or public policies help families build assets or become "better"
investors in their children's potential? Developing a better
understanding of what investments matter, when they matter, and how
resources can be successfully invested in children's potential is
key to shaping efficient interventions and social policies.
Knowledge of how parents invest and what strategies are effective
may help policies which seek to further empower and enable parental
involvement and choice for their children.
The papers in this volume bring together a cross-disciplinary mix
of researchers--developmental psychologists, evolutionary
biologists, economists, anthropologists, and sociologists--working
on the common theme of investments in children. The
interdisciplinary conceptual framework adopted by this collection
of papers is loosely built around the idea that there are two broad
dimensions of parental investments. These include resources (e.g.,
income, wealth) on the one hand, and behaviors (e.g., parental
instrumental support and parental activities that promote warmth,
socialization, and cognitive stimulation) on the other. Believing
that parental investments yield a "return" in improved child and
young adult outcomes, the papers discuss how parents differ in
terms of the resources they have available to invest, the choices
parents make, the behaviors they engage in, and relevant policy and
program interventions. More specifically, core questions addressed
by the authors include: Why do some families invest while others do
not and are differential investment patterns related to biology,
economics, or social factors? What constitutes a successful
"investment portfolio?" How are "investments" measured and/or
characterized? Are different investments interchangeable,
compensating, or off-setting? Given a set of resources, why are
some families able to make more effective investments in child
outcomes? How well do these investments affect outcomes for
children and for these children as young adults? Can interventions
or public policies help families build assets or become "better"
investors in their children's potential? Developing a better
understanding of what investments matter, when they matter, and how
resources can be successfully invested in children's potential is
key to shaping efficient interventions and social policies.
Knowledge of how parents invest and what strategies are effective
may help policies which seek to further empower and enable parental
involvement and choice for their children.
The Cultural Matrix seeks to unravel a uniquely American paradox:
the socioeconomic crisis, segregation, and social isolation of
disadvantaged black youth, on the one hand, and their extraordinary
integration and prominence in popular culture on the other. Despite
school dropout rates over 40 percent, a third spending time in
prison, chronic unemployment, and endemic violence, black youth are
among the most vibrant creators of popular culture in the world.
They also espouse several deeply-held American values. To
understand this conundrum, the authors bring culture back to the
forefront of explanation, while avoiding the theoretical errors of
earlier culture-of-poverty approaches and the causal timidity and
special pleading of more recent ones. There is no single black
youth culture, but a complex matrix of cultures-adapted mainstream,
African-American vernacular, street culture, and hip-hop-that
support and undermine, enrich and impoverish young lives. Hip-hop,
for example, has had an enormous influence, not always to the
advantage of its creators. However, its muscular message of primal
honor and sensual indulgence is not motivated by a desire for
separatism but by an insistence on sharing in the mainstream
culture of consumption, power, and wealth. This interdisciplinary
work draws on all the social sciences, as well as social philosophy
and ethnomusicology, in a concerted effort to explain how culture,
interacting with structural and environmental forces, influences
the performance and control of violence, aesthetic productions,
educational and work outcomes, familial, gender, and sexual
relations, and the complex moral life of black youth.
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