This edited volume provides critical reflections on the interplay between politics and law in an increasingly transnationalized global political economy. It focuses specifically on the emergence and operation of new forms of governance that are developing through a variety of transnational contractual practices, institutions, and laws in multiple sectors and areas of economic activity. Interdisciplinary in nature, the volume includes contributions from law, political science, sociology, and international politics, with the focus on the political foundations of transnational contract being both original and path-breaking. Placing power at the center of the analysis, the volume reveals the heterogeneous landscape of contemporary law-making and the different kinds of politics giving rise to this form of global ordering. As the contributors note, this new form of governance requires a different type of political theory and legal theory, with the volume advancing understanding of the analytical, theoretical and normative dimensions of private transnational governance by contract, making a valuable contribution to new theory in law and politics. It will be of great interest to students and academics in law, political science, international relations, international political economy and sociology, as well as international commercial arbitration lawyers, trade and investment lawyers, and legal firms.

This edited volume provides critical reflections on the interplay between politics and law in an increasingly transnationalized global political economy. It focuses specifically on the emergence and operation of new forms of governance that are developing through a variety of transnational contractual practices, institutions, and laws in multiple sectors and areas of economic activity. Interdisciplinary in nature, the volume includes contributions from law, political science, sociology, and international politics, with the focus on the political foundations of transnational contract being both original and path-breaking. Placing power at the center of the analysis, the volume reveals the heterogeneous landscape of contemporary law-making and the different kinds of politics giving rise to this form of global ordering. As the contributors note, this new form of governance requires a different type of political theory and legal theory, with the volume advancing understanding of the analytical, theoretical and normative dimensions of private transnational governance by contract, making a valuable contribution to new theory in law and politics. It will be of great interest to students and academics in law, political science, international relations, international political economy and sociology, as well as international commercial arbitration lawyers, trade and investment lawyers, and legal firms.

There has been much polemic about affluence, consumption, and the global environment. For some observers, "consumption" is at the root of global environmental threats: wealthy individuals and societies use far too much of the earth's resource base and should scale back their appetites to preserve the environment for future generations and allow a decent life for the rest of the world. Other observers see affluence as the way to escape environmental threats: economic development increases public pressure for environmental protection and makes capital available for environmentally benign technologies. The arguments are fed by conflicting beliefs, values, hopes, and fears--but surprisingly little scientific analysis. This book demonstrates that the relationship of consumption to the environment needs careful analysis by environmental and social scientists and conveys some of the excitement of treating the issue scientifically. It poses the key empirical questions: Which kinds of consumption are environmentally significant? Which actors are responsible for that consumption? What forces cause or explain environmentally significant consumption? How can it be changed? The book presents studies that open up important issues for empirical study: Are there any signs of saturation in the demand for travel in wealthy countries? What is the relationship between environmental consumption and human well-being? To what extent do people in developing countries emulate American consumption styles? The book also suggests broad strategies that scientists and research sponsors can use to better inform future debates about the environment, development, and consumption.

Seit der friedlichen Revolution in Osteuropa sind grune Parteien dazu ubergegangen, auf europaischer Ebene enger zusammenzuarbeiten. Ihre grenzuberschreitende Parteiorganisation, die "Europaische Forderation gruner Parteien" (EFGP), kann zwar noch nicht als europaische Partei bezeichnet werden. Sie ist der Struktur einer solchen aber nahergekommen und hat im Vergleich zu Sozialisten, Christdemokraten und Liberalen aufgeholt. In der grunen Fraktion im Europaparlament ist die Kooperation zwischen den nationalen Delegationen seit 1989 ebenfalls enger geworden.
Der Autor beschreibt die Einflussfaktoren, die diese Entwicklung beschleunigt (im Falle der EFGP u.a. der Umbruch in Osteuropa und der Maastricher Vertrag) bzw. gebremst haben (u.a. die basisdemokratische Grundorientierung der Grunen sowie Unterschiede in den Konzeptionen fur die Integration von Nationalstaaten bzw. nationalen Parteien). Er kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass entscheidende Schritte in Richtung einer europaischen Partei bzw. einer wirklich europaisch zu nennenden Fraktion erst dann zu erwarten sind, wenn entsprechende institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen (Starkung des Europaparlaments, europaische Wahllisten, Existenz einer europaischen Regierung) geschaffen werden."

Well-functioning contract law is a crucial prerequisite for economic development. However, even though international trade has increased enormously in recent decades, we still know little about the contract enforcement mechanisms that exist in today's globalised markets. The aim of this work is to shed light on the governance of complex cross-border contracts by developing a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding the relevance of both formal and informal institutions. This framework is then applied to an empirical study of cross-border software development contracts. Combining a unique data set of 41 qualitative expert interviews with statistical data and surveys, the author demonstrates that state contract laws show fundamental signs of dysfunction across borders. Companies engaged in globalised exchange therefore rarely use this mechanism. Even the European Union's supranational enforcement order is, in practice, insignificant. Against all expectations, international commercial arbitration also turns out to be limited in its ability to provide a workable legal infrastructure for global commerce. With global trade lacking a reliable formal legal order, companies have reacted by creating their own informal governance structures. This book explains how complex exchange in global markets has emerged in the absence of a global legal order.

The "tragedy of the commons" is a central concept in human ecology and the study of the environment. It has had tremendous value for stimulating research, but it only describes the reality of human-environment interactions in special situations. Research over the past thirty years has helped clarify how human motivations, rules governing access to resources, the structure of social organizations, and the resource systems themselves interact to determine whether or not the many dramas of the commons end happily. In this book, leaders in the field review the evidence from several disciplines and many lines of research and present a state-of-the-art assessment. They summarize lessons learned and identify the major challenges facing any system of governance for resource management. They also highlight the major challenges for the next decade: making knowledge development more systematic; understanding institutions dynamically; considering a broader range of resources (such as global and technological commons); and taking into account the effects of social and historical context. This book will be a valuable and accessible introduction to the field for students and a resource for advanced researchers. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 The Drama of the Commons Part I: Resource Users, Resource Systems, and Behavior in the Drama of the Commons 2 Common Resources and Institutional Sustainability 3 Unequal Irrigators: Heterogeneity and Commons Management in Large-Scale 4 Factors Influencing Cooperation in Commons Dilemmas: A Review of Experimental Psychological Research 5 Appropriating the Commons: A Theoretical Explanation Part II: Privatization and Its Limitations 6 The Tradable Permits Approach to Protecting the Commons: What Have We Learned? 7 Common Property, Regulatory Property, and Environmental Protection: Comparing Community-Based Management to Tradable Environmental Allowances Part III: Cross-Scale Linkages and Dynamic Interactions 8 Institutional Interplay: The Environmental Consequences of Cross-Scale Interactions 9 Cross-Scale Institutional Linkages: Perspectives from the Bottom Up Part IV: Emerging Issues 10 Scientific Uncertainty, Complex Systems, and the Design of Common-Pool Institutions 11 Emergence of Institutions for the Commons: Contexts, Situations, and Events 12 An Evolutionary Theory of Commons Management 13 Knowledge and Questions After 15 Years of Research About the Contributors Index

Well-functioning contract law is a crucial prerequisite for economic development. However, even though international trade has increased enormously in recent decades, we still know little about the contract enforcement mechanisms that exist in today's globalised markets. The aim of this work is to shed light on the governance of complex cross-border contracts by developing a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding the relevance of both formal and informal institutions. This framework is then applied to an empirical study of cross-border software development contracts. Combining a unique data set of 41 qualitative expert interviews with statistical data and surveys, the author demonstrates that state contract laws show fundamental signs of dysfunction across borders. Companies engaged in globalised exchange therefore rarely use this mechanism. Even the European Union's supranational enforcement order is, in practice, insignificant. Against all expectations, international commercial arbitration also turns out to be limited in its ability to provide a workable legal infrastructure for global commerce. With global trade lacking a reliable formal legal order, companies have reacted by creating their own informal governance structures. This book explains how complex exchange in global markets has emerged in the absence of a global legal order.

Many people believe that environmental regulation has passed a point of diminishing returns: the quick fixes have been achieved and the main sources of pollution are shifting from large "point sources" to more diffuse sources that are more difficult and expensive to regulate. The political climate has also changed in the United States since the 1970s in ways that provide impetus to seek alternatives to regulation. This book examines the potential of some of these "new tools" that emphasize education, information, and voluntary measures. Contributors summarize what we know about the effectiveness of these tools, both individually and in combination with regulatory and economic policy instruments. They also extract practical lessons from this knowledge and consider what is needed to make these tools more effective. The book will be of interest to environmental policy practitioners and to researchers and students concerned with applying social and behavioral sciences knowledge to improve environmental quality. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Exploring New Tools for Environmental Protection 2 Changes in Pollution and the Implications for Policy 3 Marketing Household Energy Conservation: The Message and the Reality 4 Knowledge, Information, and Household Recycling: Examining the Knowledge-Deficit Model of Behavior Change 5 Promoting "Green" Consumer Behavior with Eco-Labels 6 The Public Health Perspective for Communicating Environmental Issues 7 Understanding Individual and Social Characteristics in the Promotion of Household Disaster Preparedness 8 Lessons from Analogous Public Education Campaigns 9 Perspectives on Environmental Education in the United States 10 A Model of Community-Based Environmental Education 11 Community Environmental Policy Capacity and Effective Environmental Protection 12 Changing Behavior in Households and Communities: What Have We Learned? 13 Government-Sponsored Voluntary Programs for Firms: An Initial Survey 14 Industry Codes of Practice: Emergence and Evolution 15 Harnessing the "Power of Information": Environmental Right to Know as a Driver of Sound Environmental Policy 16 Challenges in Evaluating Voluntary Environmental Programs 17 Assessing the Credibility of Voluntary Codes: A Theoretical Framework 18 Factors in Firms and Industries Affecting the Outcomes of Voluntary Measures 19 The Policy Context for Flexible, Negotiated, and Voluntary Measures 20 Understanding Voluntary Measures 21 New Tools for Environmental Protection: What We Know and Need to Know ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS

Das Buch befasst sich mit den Ergebnissen der ersten Foerderphase der Produktionsforschung am Forschungscampus ARENA2036. Schwerpunkte liegen hierbei im Aufbau und Betrieb einer wandlungsfahigen Forschungsproduktion. Hierzu gehoert die Betrachtung neuer Konzepte und Technologien in den Bereichen der Montage, Produktionssteuerung, Produktions-IT und Logistik. Die im Projekt entwickelten Loesungsansatze werden im Kontext einer realen Forschungsproduktion diskutiert und anhand eines Anwendungsfalls der Turenvormontage evaluiert und validiert.