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Revised for its third edition, Brazil: Five Centuries of Change
vividly traces the development of Brazil over the last 500 years.
A thorough study of Brazilian politics from 1930 to 1964, this book
begins with Getulio Vargas' fifteen-year-rule - the latter part of
which was a virtual dictatorship - and traces the following years
of economic difficulty and political turbulenece, culminating in
the explosive coup d'etat that overthrew the constitutional
government of President Joao Goulart and profoundly changes the
nature of Brazils' political institutions. The first book by Thomas
E. Skidmore, Politics in Brazil, 1930 - 1964, immediately became
the definitive political history in English and in Portuguese of
those turbulent times. It was published by OUP in 1967 in hardcover
but it has been out of print in recent years. For this 40th
anniversary, James Green, who is Skidmore's literary executive and
successor at Brown University, will write a new foreword for the
book, placing it in the context of the literature.
Published to wide acclaim in 1974, Thomas E. Skidmore's
intellectual history of Brazilian racial ideology has become a
classic in the field. Available for the first time in paperback,
this edition has been updated to include a new preface and
bibliography that surveys recent scholarship in the field. "Black
into White" is a broad-ranging study of what the leading Brazilian
intellectuals thought and propounded about race relations between
1870 and 1930. In an effort to reconcile social realities with the
doctrines of scientific racism, the Brazilian ideal of
"whitening"--the theory that the Brazilian population was becoming
whiter as race mixing continued--was used to justify the recruiting
of European immigrants and to falsely claim that Brazil had
harmoniously combined a multiracial society of Europeans, Africans,
and indigenous peoples.
The largest and most important country in Latin America, Brazil was
the first to succumb to the military coups that struck that region
in the 1960s and the early 1970s. In this authoritative study,
Thomas E. Skidmore, one of America's leading experts on Latin
America and, in particular, on Brazil, offers the first analysis of
more than two decades of military rule, from the overthrow of Joao
Goulart in 1964, to the return of democratic civilian government in
1985 with the presidency of Jose Sarney.
A sequel to Skidmore's highly acclaimed Politics in Brazil,
1930-1964, this volume explores the military rule in depth. Why did
the military depose Goulart? What kind of "economic miracle" did
their technocrats fashion? Why did General Costa e Silva's attempts
to "humanize the Revolution" fail, only to be followed by the most
repressive regime of the period? What led Generals Geisel and
Golbery to launch the liberalization that led to abertura? What
role did the Brazilian Catholic Church, the most innovative in the
Americas, play? How did the military government respond in the
early 1980s to galloping inflation and an unpayable foreign debt?
Skidmore concludes by examining the early Sarney presidency and
the clues it may offer for the future. Will democratic governments
be able to meet the demands of urban workers and landless peasants
while maintaining economic growth and international
competitiveness? Can Brazil at the same time control inflation and
service the largest debt in the developing world? Will its
political institutions be able to represent effectively an
electorate now three times larger than in 1964? What role will the
military play in the future?
In recent years, many Third World nations--Argentina, the
Philippines, and Uruguay, among others--have moved from repressive
military regimes to democratic civilian governments. Skidmore's
study provides insight into the nature of this transition in Brazil
and what it may tell about the fate of democracy in the Third
World."
The interactions between the elites and the lower classes of Latin
America are explored from the divergent perspectives of three
eminent historians in this volume. The result is a counterbalance
of viewpoints on the urban and the rural, the rich and the poor,
and the Europeanized and the traditional of Latin America during
the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. E. Bradford
Burns advances the view that two cultures were in conflict in
nineteenth-century Latin America: that of the modernizing,
European-oriented elite, and that of the "common folk" of mixed
racial background who lived close to the earth. Thomas E. Skidmore
discusses the emerging field of labor history in twentieth-century
Latin America, suggesting that the historical roots of today's
exacerbated tensions lie in the secular struggle of army against
workers that he describes. In the introduction, Richard Graham
takes issue with both authors on certain basic premises and points
out implications of their essays for the understanding of North
American as well as Latin American history.
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