The increasing shift towards digital publishing has provoked much debate concerning the issues surrounding ?'Open Access?' (OA), including its economic implications. This timely book considers how the future of academic publishing might look in a purely digital environment and utilises unique empirical data in order to analyze the experiences of researchers with, as well as attitudes towards, OA publishing. Presenting findings from a novel, in-depth survey with more than 10,000 respondents from 25 countries, this book shows that the research culture of scientific research differs considerably between disciplines and countries. These differences significantly determine the role of both '?gold?' and '?green?' forms of OA and foster both opportunity and risk. Discussing their findings in the light of recent policy attempts to foster OA, Thomas Eger and Marc Scheufen reveal considerable shortcomings and lack of knowledge on fundamental features of the academic publishing market and conclude by highlighting a policy agenda for its future development. Well-timed and far-reaching, this book will be of particular interest to students and scholars interested in the economic analysis of copyright law. Academic librarians and research sponsors will also benefit from the insights offered.

This comprehensive volume comprises original essays by authors well known for their work on the European Union. Together they provide the reader with an economic analysis of the most important elements of EU law and the mechanisms for decisions within the EU. The Handbook focuses particularly on how the development of EU law negotiates the tension between market integration, national sovereignty and political democracy. The book begins with chapters examining constitutional issues, while further chapters address the establishment of a single market. The volume also addresses sovereign debt problems by providing a detailed analysis of the architecture of the EU's monetary institutions, its monetary policy and their implications. The depth and breadth of the Handbook's coverage make it an essential reference for students, scholars and policymakers interested in the complexities of the European Union. Contributors: H. Brucker, F. Cafaggi, E. Carbonara, T. Eger, M.G. Faure, J. Fidrmuc, N. Garoupa, F. Gomez, M.J. Holler, P.C. Leyens, B. Luppi, A. Nicita, R. Pardolesi, F. Parisi, J. Pelkmans, H.-B. Schafer, H. Siekmann, G. Tsebelis, S. Voigt, H.-J. Wagener

This book comprises contributions on recent developments in China from a law and economics perspective. For the first time Chinese and European scholars jointly discuss some important attributes of China's legal and economic system, and some recent problems, from this particular viewpoint. The authors apply an economic analysis of law not only to general characteristics of China's social order, such as the specific type of federal competition, the efficiency of taxation and regulation, and the importance of informal institutions (Guanxi), but also to distinct areas of Chinese law such as competition policy, professional regulation, corporate governance and capital markets, oil pollution, intellectual property rights and internet games. The contributors discuss to what extent the law and economic models that have so far been employed within the context of developed countries can be applied to a country like China as well. The European scholars use law and economics in order to determine what China could learn from the European experience. The Chinese scholars discuss whether law and economics can be of any use in analysing the particular features of the Chinese legal system today. Economic Analysis of Law in China will appeal to lawyers, economists and social scientists in China interested in developing legal institutions with an eye on economic efficiency. Scholars generally interested in the economic analysis of law, as well as in the comparison and transition of economic systems, will also find much in this book that will be of interest to them.

This comprehensive volume comprises original essays by authors well known for their work on the European Union. Together they provide the reader with an economic analysis of the most important elements of EU law and the mechanisms for decisions within the EU. The Handbook focuses particularly on how the development of EU law negotiates the tension between market integration, national sovereignty and political democracy. The book begins with chapters examining constitutional issues, while further chapters address the establishment of a single market. The volume also addresses sovereign debt problems by providing a detailed analysis of the architecture of the EU's monetary institutions, its monetary policy and their implications. The depth and breadth of the Handbook's coverage make it an essential reference for students, scholars and policymakers interested in the complexities of the European Union. Contributors: H. Brucker, F. Cafaggi, E. Carbonara, T. Eger, M.G. Faure, J. Fidrmuc, N. Garoupa, F. Gomez, M.J. Holler, P.C. Leyens, B. Luppi, A. Nicita, R. Pardolesi, F. Parisi, J. Pelkmans, H.-B. Schafer, H. Siekmann, G. Tsebelis, S. Voigt, H.-J. Wagener

Seminar paper from the year 2001 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,3, Bielefeld University, 12 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Why was Shakespeare so successful in his times? How come, his plays drew the masses into the theatres? How did he manage to attract all these different groups of people with different backgrounds at the same time? These are the questions I will have in the back of my mind while writing this paper. I will examine one aspect of his style more closely, which I found in hisRomeo and Juliet.In doing so, I hope to give at least some small explanation of the reason of his overwhelming success. It was probably in 1595 when Shakespeare wrote this famous tragedy. He was doing so, living in a society which was leaving the Middle Ages far behind and rapidly growing in complexity. The English society was splitting up into a huge variety of different groups and organisations. The Reformation produced a wealth of new religious groupings. Especially the Puritans were to become very influential in England. The rise of the middle class was taking place under the reign of queen Elizabeth, which was combining artisans, merchants and the more prosperous peasants and was accumulating new resources and capital. The aristocracy was changing: It was opening up for new members, mostly wholesalers who had earned a fortune with the profitable overseas trade. The decline of the ancient system of feudalism was highly advanced, which for the common peasant meant that he wasn't tied to his small piece of soil any longer. He was much more mobile now. Family structures were changing as well. The kin (that is the enlarged family) as the main organising factor was beginning to lose ground to the smaller nuclear family.

Seminar paper from the year 2001 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, Bielefeld University, 12 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: In his book "Dr. Bowdler's Legacy" Noel Perrin tells us in the first chapter that a big change of morality took place with the turn of the nineteenth century in England. He puts it as follows: ..". the first new generation of the nineteenth century (grew) up more strait-laced, inhibited, and conventional than its parents, so that sons discussed their fathers' wild oaths, and daughters worried about their mothers' loose sexual behaviour." According to Perrin one of the cornerstones of this new way of thinking was that the people began to acquire a more reserved attitude towards sexuality. The chief cause of this tendency was what can be called the rise of the idea of delicacy, or "the new prudery." From the middle of the eighteenth century onwards, delicacy came to be regarded as a special and precious characteristic - especially among women. Basically, it means that people felt offended as soon as they were confronted with sexuality in whatever form. Blushing and fainting were outward indicators of this new propriety. Another consequence was that people began to keep away from anything that might be a burden on their conscience. An important result of this trend was the emergence of the idea of expurgation in literature. That is people simply started to remove "words or scenes that were considered likely to offend or shock." The pioneering work in this field was Dr. Bowdler's "Family Shakespeare," which was published in 1807. Dr. Bowdler's aim was - according to the fashion of his time - "to exclude from this publication whatever is unfit to be read aloud by a gentleman to a company of ladies." In another passage he says that he wants to enable a father to read one of Shakespeare's plays to his family circle "without incurring the danger of falling unawares among words an

Examination Thesis from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,3, Bielefeld University, 71 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: "Love" is a central topic in Shakespeare s plays. Many of his couples have gained a status of immortality: Antony and Cleopatra, Romeo and Juliet, or Beatrice and Benedick are only a few examples. These lovers share one experience, which Lysander in "A Midsummer Night s Dream" sums up very clearly: "The course of true love never did run smooth ..." (1,1,134) This dilemma is the "raw material" I am interested in. I will take three Shakespearean plays with "love" as their central issue and examine the protagonists courses of love in them. This involves the beginning, the obstacles in the way, the reactions to these obstacles and the final failure or success to overcome them. The plays chosen are "Romeo and Juliet," "All s Well that Ends Well," and "The Taming of the Shrew." In the First Folio edition the first one is classified as belonging to the literary form of "tragedy," the latter two as "comedies." This leads me to the second element in the title, which is "dramatic genre." What Northrop Frye says about comedy is also valid for tragedy: "If a play in a theatre is subtitled a comedy, information is conveyed to a potential audience about what kind of thing to expect, and this type of information has been intelligible since before the days of Aristophanes." One such expectation concerns a play s mood. Here lies a fundamental difference between tragedy and comedy. Generally speaking, the audience expects that a comedy creates a happy mood and a tragedy a sad one. However, I am not alone finding that "Romeo" is a rather happy play over long stretches, whereas "The Taming" and "All s Well" are anything but thoroughly happy pieces. In these three dramas Shakespeare only partly fulfils the expectations, which are evoked. Their generic structure does not generate

Das bewahrte Konzept, durch Frage und Antwort in die zu loesenden Probleme einzufuhren, ist auch in der funften Auflage beibehalten worden. Dadurch wird der Leser in das oekonomische Denken eingeubt und lernt nicht nur vorgedachtes Wissen, das er doch spatestens wenige Monate nach dem Examen wieder vergisst. Das vereinheitlichende Band fur diese facherubergreifende Einfuhrung in die Mikrooekonomik ist das Alternativkosten-Konzept - eine Denkweise, die die Psychologie wie die Soziologie, die Politik- wie die Rechtswissenschaft mit der OEkonomie zu verbinden weiss. Vertreten ist auch die ubliche formale Darstellung des Haushalts und der Unternehmung. Dazu bietet das Buch Aufgaben von den Grundlagen der Mikrooekonomie bis hin zur Selbstorganisation und Evolution inklusive Evolutionsspiel, zum Oligopol, zur Konsumenten- und Produzentenrente, zum Shapley-Wert, zur Chaos- und Katastrophentheorie. Trocken, spekulativ, abgehoben? Nein, anschaulich, lebendig und witzig wird all dies dargeboten. Der Leser moege selbst urteilen.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2001 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europa - and. Lander - Mittelalter, Fruhe Neuzeit, Note: 2,0, Universitat Bielefeld (Fakultat fur Geschichtswissenschaft und Philosophie), Veranstaltung: Seminar: "Kloster- und Ordensreformen im Spatmittelalter," 8 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In meiner Arbeit werde ich das Phanomen Devotio Moderna unter dem Blickwinkel der Bruderschaft vom gemeinsamen Leben betrachten, obwohl naturlich viele Aspekte, die ich ansprechen werde, auch auf die Schwestern und die Windesheimer zutreffen (wie etwa der Frommigkeitsstil oder ihr gemeinsamer Ursprung). Ich habe mich aber bewusst auf die Bruder beschrankt, da eine Untersuchung, die etwa auch die Windesheimer umfassen wollte, Punkte mit einschliessen musste, die den Rahmen dieser Arbeit sprengen wurden (z.B. die Rolle der Devoten innerhalb der monastischen Observanzbewegung). Was war es also, das in einer Zeit, welche viele Historiker mit Schlagwortern wie "Verfall" oder "Niedergang" in Verbindung gebracht haben, eine solche Eigendynamik zu entwickeln imstande war? Probleme jedenfalls gab es genug im religiosen Sektor: die zunehmende Verweltlichung der Orden, Konflikte durch konkurrierende Ordens- und ordensahnliche Gemeinschaften oder der allgemeine Mitgliederschwund aufgrund des Massensterbens durch Pest und Kriege. In seinem Aufsatz uber Verfall und Erneuerung des Ordenswesens im Spatmittelalter beobachtet Elm, dass die Welle der Ordensgrundungen im ersten Viertel des 14. Jahrhunderts ausrollte. Ausserdem hatte nicht nur die Zahl der Neugrundungen abgenommen, sondern noch bezeichnender: Es hatten auch die bestehenden Orden - von wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen - aufgehort, neue Kloster zu grun