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Discusses long-term effects of pandemics on the built environment
Examines pandemic effects on use of land, interior space, energy,
and resources Exposes new-found abundance and what it means for
design, wealth, work, and professional practice Thomas Fisher's
accessible, engaging, and compelling writing attracts wide range of
readers including professionals, instructors, students, and anyone
interesting in how the pandemic has accelerated us into the future
Discusses long-term effects of pandemics on the built environment
Examines pandemic effects on use of land, interior space, energy,
and resources Exposes new-found abundance and what it means for
design, wealth, work, and professional practice Thomas Fisher's
accessible, engaging, and compelling writing attracts wide range of
readers including professionals, instructors, students, and anyone
interesting in how the pandemic has accelerated us into the future
Recent catastrophic events, such as the I-35W bridge collapse,
New Orleans flooding, the BP oil spill, Port au Prince's
destruction by earthquake, Fukushima nuclear plant's devastation by
tsunami, the Wall Street investment bank failures, and the housing
foreclosure epidemic and the collapse of housing prices, all stem
from what author Thomas Fisher calls fracture-critical design. This
is design in which structures and systems have so little redundancy
and so much interconnectedness and misguided efficiency that they
fail completely if any one part does not perform as intended. If
we, as architects, planners, engineers, and citizens are to predict
and prepare for the next disaster, we need to recognize this error
in our thinking and to understand how design thinking provides us
with a way to anticipate unintended failures and increase the
resiliency of the world in which we live.
In Designing to Avoid Disaster, the author discusses the context
and cultural assumptions that have led to a number of disasters
worldwide, describing the nature of fracture-critical design and
why it has become so prevalent. He traces the impact of
fracture-critical thinking on everything from our economy and
politics to our educational and infrastructure systems to the
communities, buildings, and products we inhabit and use everyday.
And he shows how the natural environment and human population
itself have both begun to move on a path toward a fracture-critical
collapse that we need to do everything possible to avoid. We
designed our way to such disasters and we can design our way out of
them, with a number of possible solutions that Fisher provides.
Recent catastrophic events, such as the I-35W bridge collapse,
New Orleans flooding, the BP oil spill, Port au Prince's
destruction by earthquake, Fukushima nuclear plant's devastation by
tsunami, the Wall Street investment bank failures, and the housing
foreclosure epidemic and the collapse of housing prices, all stem
from what author Thomas Fisher calls fracture-critical design. This
is design in which structures and systems have so little redundancy
and so much interconnectedness and misguided efficiency that they
fail completely if any one part does not perform as intended. If
we, as architects, planners, engineers, and citizens are to predict
and prepare for the next disaster, we need to recognize this error
in our thinking and to understand how design thinking provides us
with a way to anticipate unintended failures and increase the
resiliency of the world in which we live.
In Designing to Avoid Disaster, the author discusses the context
and cultural assumptions that have led to a number of disasters
worldwide, describing the nature of fracture-critical design and
why it has become so prevalent. He traces the impact of
fracture-critical thinking on everything from our economy and
politics to our educational and infrastructure systems to the
communities, buildings, and products we inhabit and use everyday.
And he shows how the natural environment and human population
itself have both begun to move on a path toward a fracture-critical
collapse that we need to do everything possible to avoid. We
designed our way to such disasters and we can design our way out of
them, with a number of possible solutions that Fisher provides.
First published in 2007, this book examines the designs of
seventeen architecture and design schools and answers questions
such as: How has architectural education evolved and what is its
future? Are architectural schools discernible types of designs and
what are their effects on those who experience them? What lessons
can be learned from evaluations of recently completed school
buildings and what guidance do they provide for the design of
future ones? Included in the multiple approaches to evaluation are
examinations of the history of architectural education and building
form; typologies of school for architecture; and the systematic
user evaluations of the aesthetics, function, and technology which
reveal the strengths to encourage and weaknesses to avoid in future
designs. While offering specific guidelines for schools of design,
it also includes findings that extend beyond the walls of design
schools and can be applied to everything from the interiors of
educational and campus buildings to planning offices and gathering
places to build communities. This book will make readers more aware
of problems in architectural interiors and suggest ways to make
interiors work better for the building occupants.
Understanding the conditions under which variability in performance
may arise, and the processes related to its emergence, gives us
insight into the development of techniques for improving the
quality of performance. Variability in Human Performance details
the scientific and the practical implications of human performance
variability by providing a broad perspective on how and why such
variability occurs across a number of disciplinary domains. The
text takes an approach that rests upon the idea of context, or
design, specificity in performance, namely that variability in
performance is closely referenced to design factors in the
environment in which performance is occurring. An exploration of
the link between variability and related processes, the book
introduces a comprehensive framework for understanding human
performance variability, presented in terms of how human control of
behavior is closely tied to design factors in the performance
environment. The authors introduce empirical evidence, as well as
practical examples and application areas, in support of this
framework. The book begins with coverage of neurobiological and
biomechanical basis of movement variability, then examines rich and
extensive empirical evidence available for context specificity in
cognitive performance and learning, as a basis for cognitive
performance variability. The book then reviews the evidence for
context specificity in: Student learning Displaced feedback
conditions Human error behavior Affective performance Social and
team performance The authors also explore work performance as
influenced by complex sociotechnical systems and as a basis for
performance variability, applying control systems concepts to an
interpretation of the nature and basis of performance variability
in all of these domains. They conclude by taking an evolutionary
perspective on the origins and behavioral significance of human
performance variability. The book then provides strategies on how
individuals, groups, and organizations can significantly reduce
variability in human performance that often leads to systems
failures.
Architectural Design and Ethics offers both professional architects
and architecture students a theoretical base and numerous
suggestions as to how we might rethink our responsibilities to the
natural world and design a more sustainable future for ourselves.
As we find ourselves on the steep slope of several exponential
growth curves - in global population, in heat-trapping atmospheric
gases, in the gap between the rich and poor, and in the demand for
finite resources, Fisher lays down a theory of architecture based
on ethics and explores how buildings can and do provide both social
and moral dimensions. The book also has practical goals,
demonstrating how architects can make better and more beautiful
buildings whilst nurturing more responsible, sustainable
development. Architectural Design and Ethics will prove an
invaluable text not only to those in the architecture field, but to
anyone simply interested in the ethical issues surrounding our
built environment.
Understanding the conditions under which variability in performance
may arise, and the processes related to its emergence, gives us
insight into the development of techniques for improving the
quality of performance. Variability in Human Performance details
the scientific and the practical implications of human performance
variability by providing a broad perspective on how and why such
variability occurs across a number of disciplinary domains. The
text takes an approach that rests upon the idea of context, or
design, specificity in performance, namely that variability in
performance is closely referenced to design factors in the
environment in which performance is occurring. An exploration of
the link between variability and related processes, the book
introduces a comprehensive framework for understanding human
performance variability, presented in terms of how human control of
behavior is closely tied to design factors in the performance
environment. The authors introduce empirical evidence, as well as
practical examples and application areas, in support of this
framework. The book begins with coverage of neurobiological and
biomechanical basis of movement variability, then examines rich and
extensive empirical evidence available for context specificity in
cognitive performance and learning, as a basis for cognitive
performance variability. The book then reviews the evidence for
context specificity in: Student learning Displaced feedback
conditions Human error behavior Affective performance Social and
team performance The authors also explore work performance as
influenced by complex sociotechnical systems and as a basis for
performance variability, applying control systems concepts to an
interpretation of the nature and basis of performance variability
in all of these domains. They conclude by taking an evolutionary
perspective on the origins and behavioral significance of human
performance variability. The book then provides strategies on how
individuals, groups, and organizations can significantly reduce
variability in human performance that often leads to systems
failures.
Architectural Design and Ethics offers both professional architects
and architecture students a theoretical base and numerous
suggestions as to how we might rethink our responsibilities to the
natural world and design a more sustainable future for ourselves.
As we find ourselves on the steep slope of several exponential
growth curves in global population, in heat-trapping atmospheric
gases, in the gap between the rich and poor, and in the demand for
finite resources, Fisher lays down a theory of architecture based
on ethics and explores how buildings can and do provide both social
and moral dimensions.The book also has practical goals,
demonstrating how architects can make better and more beautiful
buildings whilst nurturing more responsible, sustainable
development. Architectural Design and Ethics will prove an
invaluable text not only to those in the architecture field, but to
anyone simply interested in the ethical issues surrounding our
built environment. It joins the dots between architectural form,
ethics and professional practice. It uses the history of ethics to
present relevant lessons for today's practitioners. It provides a
wake up call to architects, advocating a greater focus on ethics
over aesthetics.
Environmental Activism by Design, a monograph by architects and
educators Coleman Coker and Sarah Gamble, challenges designers to
actively engage the environmental crisis through their work, while
articulating an optimistic, tangible means to pursue community good
and environmental justice through design activism and engagement.
The authors assert that in addition to greener buildings, cheaper
housing, and technological fixes, we must rethink pedagogy and
praxis so that every single architecture graduate can define equity
and transform the profession. Environmental Activism by Design
centres on the award-winning Gulf Coast DesignLab at the University
of Texas, which works directly with clients and stakeholders to
produce spaces for the public to learn and researchers to undertake
their environmental work. Environmental Activism by Design asks
readers to challenge themselves, as agents of social equity,
environmental justice, and climate action, to pursue operative
practices and transformation rather than mere keywords and
consensus.
Ethics is one of the most important and least understood aspects of
design practice. In his latest book, Thomas Fisher shows how ethics
are inherent to the making of architecture - and how architecture
offers an unusual and useful way of looking at ethics. The
Architecture of Ethics helps students in architecture and other
design disciplines to understand the major approaches to ethics and
to apply them to the daily challenges they face in their work. The
book covers each of the four dominant approaches to ethics: virtue
ethics, social contract ethics, duty ethics, and utilitarian
ethics. Each chapter examines the dilemmas designers face from the
perspective of one of these categories. Written in an accessible,
jargon-free style, the text also features 100 illustrations to help
integrate these concepts into the design process and to support
visual understanding. Ethics is now a required part of accredited
architecture programs, making this book essential reading for all
students in architecture and design.
Ethics is one of the most important and least understood aspects of
design practice. In his latest book, Thomas Fisher shows how ethics
are inherent to the making of architecture - and how architecture
offers an unusual and useful way of looking at ethics. The
Architecture of Ethics helps students in architecture and other
design disciplines to understand the major approaches to ethics and
to apply them to the daily challenges they face in their work. The
book covers each of the four dominant approaches to ethics: virtue
ethics, social contract ethics, duty ethics, and utilitarian
ethics. Each chapter examines the dilemmas designers face from the
perspective of one of these categories. Written in an accessible,
jargon-free style, the text also features 100 illustrations to help
integrate these concepts into the design process and to support
visual understanding. Ethics is now a required part of accredited
architecture programs, making this book essential reading for all
students in architecture and design.
First published in 2007, this book examines the designs of
seventeen architecture and design schools and answers questions
such as: How has architectural education evolved and what is its
future? Are architectural schools discernible types of designs and
what are their effects on those who experience them? What lessons
can be learned from evaluations of recently completed school
buildings and what guidance do they provide for the design of
future ones? Included in the multiple approaches to evaluation are
examinations of the history of architectural education and building
form; typologies of school for architecture; and the systematic
user evaluations of the aesthetics, function, and technology which
reveal the strengths to encourage and weaknesses to avoid in future
designs. While offering specific guidelines for schools of design,
it also includes findings that extend beyond the walls of design
schools and can be applied to everything from the interiors of
educational and campus buildings to planning offices and gathering
places to build communities. This book will make readers more aware
of problems in architectural interiors and suggest ways to make
interiors work better for the building occupants.
On August 1, 2007, just after 6:00 p.m., during the evening rush
hour in Minneapolis, the 1,900-foot-long, eight-lane I-35W bridge
buckled and crashed into the Mississippi River. The unimaginable
had happened right on the doorstep of the University of Minnesota
Twin Cities campus. Many of the first responders were from the
University, persevering in the midst of chaos and disbelief. In the
ensuing weeks, research and engineering teams from the University
reviewed the wreckage, searched for causes, and began planning for
the future. The City, the River, the Bridge represents another set
of responses to the disaster. Stemming from a 2008 University of
Minnesota symposium on the bridge collapse and the building of a
new bridge, it addresses the ramifications of the disaster from the
perspectives of history, engineering, architecture, water science,
community-based journalism, and geography. Contributors examine the
factors that led to the collapse, the lessons learned from the
disaster and the response, the policy and planning changes that
have occurred or are likely to occur, and the impact on the city
and the Mississippi River. The City, the River, the Bridge
demonstrates the University's commitment to issues that concern the
community and shares insights on public questions of city building,
infrastructure, and design policy. Contributors: John O. Anfinson;
Roberto Ballarini; Heather Dorsey; Thomas Fisher; Minmao Liao;
Judith A. Martin; Roger Miller; Mark Pedelty; Deborah L.
Swackhamer; Melissa Thompson.
Envisioning what we need, when it doesn't yet exist: this, Thomas
Fisher tells us, is what design does. And if what we need now is a
better world-functioning schools, working infrastructure, thriving
cities-why not design one? Fisher shows how the principles of
design apply to services and systems that seem to evolve naturally,
systems whose failures sometimes seem as arbitrary and inevitable
as the weather. But the "invisible" systems we depend on for our
daily lives (in education, politics, economics, and public health)
are designed every bit as much as the products we buy and the
environments we inhabit-and are just as susceptible to creative
reimagining. Designing Our Way to a Better World challenges the
assumptions that have led to so much poor performance in the public
and private realms: that our schools cannot teach creativity, that
our governments cannot predict the disasters that befall us, that
our health system will protect us from pandemics, that our politics
will remain polarized, that our economy cannot avoid inequality,
and that our industry cannot help but pollute the environment.
Targeting these assumptions, Fisher's approach reveals the power of
design to synthesize our knowledge about the world into greater
wholes. In doing so, this book opens up possible futures-and better
futures-than the unsustainable and inequitable one we now face.
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