This is the first book in the series to focus on dynamic hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance, a burgeoning topic in biophysics. The volume follows the format and style of the Handbook of Modern Biophysics series and expands on topics already discussed in previous volumes. It builds a theoretical and experimental framework for students and researchers who wish to investigate the biophysics and biomedical application of dynamic hyperpolarized NMR. All contributors are internationally recognized experts, lead the dynamic hyperpolarized NMR field, and have first-hand knowledge of the chapter material. The book covers the following topics: Hyperpolarization by dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Design considerations for implementing a hyperpolarizer Chemical Shift Imaging with Dynamic Hyperpolarized NMR Signal Sampling Strategies in Dynamic Hyperpolarized NMR Kinetic Modeling of Enzymatic Reactions in Analyzing Hyperpolarized NMR Data Using Hyperpolarized NMR to Understand Biochemistry from Cells to Humans Innovating Metabolic Biomarkers for Hyperpolarized NMR New Insights into Metabolic Regulation from Hyperpolarized 13C MRS/MRI Studies Novel Views on Heart Function from Dynamic Hyperpolarized NMR Insights on Lactate Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle based on 13C Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Studies About the Editors Dirk Mayer is Professor of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at the University of Maryland and is the Director of Metabolic Imaging. He is a recognized expert on dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) MRI-based imaging techniques and has optimized acquisition and reconstruction techniques, has constructed kinetic modeling for quantitative analysis, and has developing new probes. Thomas Jue is Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine at the University of California Davis. He is an internationally recognized expert in developing and applying magnetic resonance techniques to study animal as well as human physiology in vivo. He served as a Chair of the Biophysics Graduate Group Program at UC Davis, where he started to redesign a graduate curriculum that balances physical science/mathematics formalism and biomedical perspective in order to promote interest at the interface of physical science, engineering, mathematics, biology, and medicine. The Handbook of Modern Biophysics represents an aspect of that effort.

In keeping with the style of the Handbook of Modern Biophysics, this fourth volume, Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine, balances the need for physical science/mathematics formalism with a demand for biomedical perspectives. Each chapter divides the presentation into two major parts: the first establishes the conceptual framework and describes the instrumentation or technique, while the second illustrates current applications in addressing complex biology questions. With the additional sections on further reading, problems, and references, the interested reader can explore some chapter ideas more widely.

In keeping with goal and style of the Handbook in Modern Biophysics series, the proposed book will maintain a chapter structure that contains two parts: concepts and biological application. The book also integrates all the chapters into a smooth, continuous discourse. The first and second chapters establish the mathematical methods and theoretical framework underpinning the different topics in the rest if the book. Other chapters will use the theoretical framework as a basis to discuss optical and NMR approaches. Each chapter will contain innovative didactic elements that facilitate teaching, self-study, and research preparation (key points, summary, exercise, references).

Handbook of Modern Biophysics brings current biophysics topics into focus, so that biology, medical, engineering, mathematics, and physical-science students or researchers can learn fundamental concepts and the application of new techniques in addressing biomedical challenges. Chapters will develop the conceptual framework of the physics formalism and illustrate the biomedical applications. With the addition of problem sets, guides to further study, and references, the interested reader can continue to independently explore the ideas presented.Volume 5: Modern Tools of BiophysicsEditor: Thomas Jue, PhDIn Modern Tools of Biophysics, a group of prominent professors have provided insights into the tools used in biophysics with respect to the following topics: Wave Theory of Image Formation in a Microscope: Basic Theory and Experiments Computer Simulations and Nonlinear Dynamics of Cardiac Action Potentials Myoglobin and Hemoglobin Contribution to the NIRS Signal in Muscle Anomalous Low Angle X-Ray Scattering of Membrane with Lanthanides Recording of Ionic Currents under Physiological Conditions-Action Potential-Clamping and "Onion-Peeling" Techniques Patch Clamp Technique and Applications About the EditorThomas Jue is a Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine at the University of California, Davis. He is an internationally recognized expert in developing and applying magnetic resonance techniques to study animal as well as human physiology in vivo and has published extensively in the field of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, bioenergetics, cardiovascular regulation, exercise, and marine biology. He served as a Chair of the Biophysics Graduate Group Program at UC Davis, where he started to develop scholarly approaches to educate graduate students with a balance of physical-science/mathematics formalism and biomedical perspective in order to promote interest at the interface of physical science, engineering, mathematics, biology, and medicine. He continues to develop the biophysics curriculum, and the Handbook of Modern Biophysics represents an aspect of that effort.

Handbook of Modern Biophysics brings current biophysics topics into focus, so that biology, medical, engineering, mathematics, and physical-science students or researchers can learn fundamental concepts and the application of new techniques in addressing biomedical challenges. Chapters will develop the conceptual framework of the physics formalism and illustrate the biomedical applications. With the addition of problem sets, guides to further study, and references, the interested reader can continue to independently explore the ideas presented.Volume 5: Modern Tools of BiophysicsEditor: Thomas Jue, PhDIn Modern Tools of Biophysics, a group of prominent professors have provided insights into the tools used in biophysics with respect to the following topics: Wave Theory of Image Formation in a Microscope: Basic Theory and Experiments Computer Simulations and Nonlinear Dynamics of Cardiac Action Potentials Myoglobin and Hemoglobin Contribution to the NIRS Signal in Muscle Anomalous Low Angle X-Ray Scattering of Membrane with Lanthanides Recording of Ionic Currents under Physiological Conditions-Action Potential-Clamping and "Onion-Peeling" Techniques Patch Clamp Technique and Applications About the EditorThomas Jue is a Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine at the University of California, Davis. He is an internationally recognized expert in developing and applying magnetic resonance techniques to study animal as well as human physiology in vivo and has published extensively in the field of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, bioenergetics, cardiovascular regulation, exercise, and marine biology. He served as a Chair of the Biophysics Graduate Group Program at UC Davis, where he started to develop scholarly approaches to educate graduate students with a balance of physical-science/mathematics formalism and biomedical perspective in order to promote interest at the interface of physical science, engineering, mathematics, biology, and medicine. He continues to develop the biophysics curriculum, and the Handbook of Modern Biophysics represents an aspect of that effort.

In keeping with the style of the Handbook of Modern Biophysics, this fourth volume, Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine, balances the need for physical science/mathematics formalism with a demand for biomedical perspectives. Each chapter divides the presentation into two major parts: the first establishes the conceptual framework and describes the instrumentation or technique, while the second illustrates current applications in addressing complex biology questions. With the additional sections on further reading, problems, and references, the interested reader can explore some chapter ideas more widely.

In keeping with goal and style of the Handbook in Modern Biophysics series, the proposed book will maintain a chapter structure that contains two parts: concepts and biological application. The book also integrates all the chapters into a smooth, continuous discourse. The first and second chapters establish the mathematical methods and theoretical framework underpinning the different topics in the rest if the book. Other chapters will use the theoretical framework as a basis to discuss optical and NMR approaches. Each chapter will contain innovative didactic elements that facilitate teaching, self-study, and research preparation (key points, summary, exercise, references).

The book, Biomembrane Frontiers: Nanostructures, Models, and the Design of Life, a volume in the Handbook of Modern Biophysics series, is based on a workshop held on the 20th and 21st of March 2008 at the University of California Davis. Unlike other meeting monographs, the book presents the exciting frontiers of biomembrane research for both expert and student c- leagues interested in research at the interface of biology and physics. The idea of the workshop originated from discussions about how to create an effective o- reach for the NSF-NIRT joint project "Aerogel and Nanoporous Materials for Biomolecular Applications" between the Longo, Faller, and Risbud groups at UC Davis and the groups of Curt Frank at Stanford and Joe Satcher at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In the p- ject we interacted with researchers from diverse backgrounds and hoped to create an oppor- nity to foster a multi- and interdisciplinary exchange of ideas. Thus, the workshop idea was c- ceived. The workshop brought together experts working on many different aspects of biological membranes: from theory and simulation, to supported model bilayers, and to clinical appli- tions. Several material scientists working on the interactions of biological membranes with b- logical or nonbiological materials also participated. Such a diverse set of experts in one meeting is unusual, as the different communities of theorists and experimentalists working on model membranes and real biological systems are typically quite distinct and do not often interact.

In the first volume, Fundamental Concepts in Biophysics, the authors lay down a foundation for biophysics study. Rajiv Singh opens the book by pointing to the central importance of “Mathematical Methods in Biophysics”. William Fink follows with a discussion on “Quantum Mechanics Basic to Biophysical Methods”. Together, these two chapters establish some of the principles of mathematical physics underlying many biophysics techniques. Because computer modeling forms an intricate part of biophysics research, Subhadip Raychaudhuri and colleagues introduce the use of computer modeling in “Computational Modeling of Receptor–Ligand Binding and Cellular Signaling Processes”. Yin Yeh and coworkers bring to the reader’s attention the physical basis underlying the common use of fluorescence spectroscopy in biomedical research in their chapter “Fluorescence Spectroscopy”. Electrophysiologists have also applied biophysics techniques in the study of membrane proteins, and Tsung-Yu Chen et al. explore stochastic processes of ion transport in their “Electrophysiological Measurements of Membrane Proteins”. Michael Saxton takes up a key biophysics question about particle distribution and behavior in systems with spatial or temporal inhomogeneity in his chapter “Single–Particle Tracking”. Finally, in “NMR Measurement of Biomolecule Diffusion”, Thomas Jue explains how magnetic resonance techniques can map biomolecule diffusion in the cell to a theory of respiratory control. This book thus launches the Handbook of Modern Biophysics series and sets up for the reader some of the fundamental concepts underpinning the biophysics issues to be presented in future volumes.