Following German reunification in 1990, East Germany's centrally planned economy was abolished and replaced by West Germany's social market economy. Western Germany has since provided vast financial support to aid the transformation, and enable eastern Germany to catch-up with western Germany's productivity and living standards. This book evaluates the main events and their outcomes since mid-1990 and the associated policy issues. The authors assess the medium to long term growth prospects of eastern Germany and the wider implications for western Germany and Europe.The Economics of German Unification analyses the economic process of assimilating eastern Germany into the institutions and performance levels of western Germany. It includes original research as well as providing an overview of existing literature. Among the topics discussed are: the relative backwardness of East Germany's economy the impact of monetary and economic integration restructuring and privatization <>li>labour market and industrial policy, including an analysis of wage restraint and cost reduction the prospects for eastern Germany catching-up economically with western Germany the repercussions for German competitiveness nationally and within the wider European context This book will be welcomed by academics, researchers and undergraduates interested in the economics of transition, comparative economic systems, political economy and the European business environment.

Unemployment in Theory and Practice examines the effectiveness of current policies in the battle against unemployment. It uses a variety of country case studies to analyse the range of potential causes of and cures for unemployment and analyses the complex nature of labour markets. This volume surveys the policy options and prescribes a mix of both macro and microeconomic policies to combat unemployment effectively. The contributors address the issue of policy targeted groups, including self-employed and older workers, and offer a comprehensive survey of key empirical findings. Issues considered include the rising number of self-employed in Australia and the labour market prospects for the aged in Germany. Particular labour market policies are discussed including the role of training and concerted international action through social democratic and trade union collaboration. The nature of unemployment in countries characterized by economic and social transformation, such as Bulgaria and Poland, is also analysed in detail. The final section of the book is dedicated to wage policy and compensatory pay for the unemployed. It challenges the conventional neoclassical wisdom that wage constraints and limited trade union power will necessarily lead to labour market improvements and reduced unemployment. Evidence from Germany and South Africa is used to argue that collective action is a promising policy alternative. International in scope, the book will be essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics, political economy, industrial relations and international economics. It will also appeal to professional economists, sociologists, political scientists, trade unionists and policy advisors.

Increasing international competition has put improvements in vocational training at the top of many nations' political agendas. This important book explores the economic analysis of training and relates it to the differing systems found in Western Europe and the United States. After an examination of the theoretical basis for increased emphasis on training the authors present a comparative analysis of the different systems employed in Germany, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. A number of common issues and problems are discussed, such as the relationship between schooling and training, the role of continuing training, retraining for the unemployed, and the position of women and disadvantaged groups in the labour market. A central theme is the differing policies pursued by governments. While recognizing the common concern with potential market failure in training, the authors also draw attention to the poor record of government-funded training in practice and to the dangers of excessive intervention as a result of pressure group activity. Although primarily aimed at students and teachers of economics, business studies and industrial relations, Training for Employment in Western Europe and the United States will be of interest to practitioners and all those concerned with policy issues arising in the training field.

Although German unification has had a profound impact on European integration and economic development, very few studies of the East German economy exist. The editors of this volume have therefore brought together specialists in economics and politics who analyze such important issues as privatization, monetary reform and unemployment. The aim is to provide scholars and generally interested readers with a critical understanding of the complex processes of German unification and to identify the general lessons that can be learnt from their analysis for economies and societies that undergo such profound transformations as has been the case in East Germany since the early 1990s.

Am Fallbeispiel der Volkswagen AG Nachhaltigkeit werden erstmalig auf der Grundlage eines sozialtheoretisch inspirierten Mehrebenen-Analysemodells die Wahrnehmungen und Zuschreibungen von Unternehmensverantwortung (Corporate Responsibility) durch 33 nichtmarktliche Stakeholder aus den drei Bezugsgruppen Wissenschaft und Forschung, Politik und Verbande sowie NGOs untersucht. Die qualitative Fallstudie beschreibt kenntnisreich und detailliert, wie der Volkswagen-Konzern mit seinen wesentlichen, nichtmarktlichen Stakeholdergruppen interagiert. Den theoretischen Bezugsrahmen der Arbeit bilden Anthony Giddens Theorie der Strukturation, Edward R. Freemans Stakeholder-Management- und Amartya Sens Capability-Ansatz.

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Bestandigkeit alter Strukturen im Pflegesektor und nimmt dabei die Rolle der Wohlfahrtsverbande in den Blick. Alte Kooperationsstrukturen zwischen Staat und Freier Wohlfahrtspflege haben umfassende Reformen in den 90er Jahren uberdauert und dominieren trotz der OEkonomisierungstendenzen immer noch die Steuerung des Pflegesektors. Gleichzeitig stehen Staat und Wohlfahrtsverbande in einem neuartigen, konfrontativen Verhaltnis zueinander. Es zeigt sich, dass Aufbau und Steuerung des Pflegesektors und der Wohlfahrtsverbande von Spannungen gekennzeichnet sind, die sich zunachst nicht aufloesen lassen. Es wird ein Hybriditatskonzept entwickelt, das dieses spannungsgeladene institutionelle Design in diesem Wohlfahrtsarrangement ausleuchtet. Hybride, d.h. institutionelle Mischformen entstehen, indem reformgetriebener Pfadwechsel von nicht absehbarer Pfadabhangigkeit begleitet wird, so der Kern des Ansatzes.

Sixteen years after the Soviet Union's demise, the Russian economy can still be appropriately characterized as transitional. The authors shed light on ambiguities surrounding this status through an exploration of four questions related to issues of interest to government decisionmakers.

This tightly argued paper asks two fundamental questions about the nature of higher education in this country. Does Britain provide too much higher education, and are the current funding mechanisms fair and efficient? Lange's answers to these questions are controversial, but make a timely contribution to this on-going debate.

Der Weg des Unternehmers von A bis Z, von der Grundungsidee bis zur Nachfolgersuche
Die Personlichkeit des Unternehmers und die Unternehmerlaufbahn aus der Sicht der Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie:

- Welche psychologischen Faktoren sind bei der Unternehmensgrundung zu berucksichtigen?

- Wie hangen Selbstausbeutung und unternehmerischer Erfolg zusammen?

- Welche Risiken liegen in einem verspateten Ruckzug aus dem Unternehmen?

- Welche Unterstutzungsmoglichkeiten gibt es fur unternehmerisch interessierte Schuler?

Was bringt diese psychologische Herangehensweise an die Unternehmerlaufbahn?
Die arbeitspsychologischen Grundlagen von Existenzgrundung und Unternehmensfuhrung zeigen mogliche Problemfelder und zugleich Losungs- und Beratungsansatze auf.

Alles Wissenswerte fur die, die mit Unternehmern und Unternehmen arbeiten "

In der Personalbeurteilung und Personalauswahl werden die verfugbaren und wissenschaftlich abgesicherten Verfahren in der Regel ignoriert oder falsch eingesetzt. Dies ist keineswegs den Praktikern anzulasten, die Verantwortung liegt bei der Wissenschaft, die es bislang nicht verstanden hat, ihre Erkenntnisse zu vermitteln. Eine kompetente Personalbeurteilung und -auswahl muss daher bei der Person der Praktiker ansetzen und sie als lernendes System begreifen, das auf der Grundlage eigener Erfahrungen urteilt und auf diese nicht zugunsten eines wissenschaftlich gepruften Verfahrens verzichtet. Anzustreben ist dennoch ein Kriterium wissenschaftlicher Diagnostik, namlich Objektivitat die Unabhangigkeit des Urteils von der Person des Urteilenden. Vermittelt wird eine Vorgehensweise, die der Realitat der Personalbeurteilung Rechnung tragt. Die Praktiker werden dazu angeregt, sich mit der Grundlage und dem Zustandekommen ihrer Urteile auseinanderzusetzen und diese kritisch zu hinterfragen. Ziel ist eine kompetente Bewaltigung der diagnostischen Aufgaben, die sich im Rahmen der Personalauswahl und -beurteilung stellen."

This Guide goes with the Loving God book. Loving God is the basic nature all Christians have. But how we love God, what it looks like, and how to receive and give love to others is where we live. This study guide will work with the Loving God book to build you up in the things of the Lord. Take time for yourself today to get re-acquainted with God and His love for you. And if you already have a great relationship with Him, this is a great tool to lead others.

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1,0, Otto Beisheim School of Management Vallendar, course: Seminar in International Finance, language: English, abstract: The overall aim of this paper is first to review existing papers and based on this to conduct own research in the field of the effect of macroeconomic news in general and, more specific, ECB communication on exchange rates. Exchange rate communication is a special form of macroeconomic news that is issued by central banks. Existing research on the effect of this communication has lead to often diverging result that illustrate the high intensity and dynamics of the current academic debate with regard to this matter. On one hand evidence of a relatively high impact on the mean and volatility of currency markets is found (e.g. by Fratzscher (2004)) whereas others (e.g. Jansen, de Haan (2005)) do not chronicle statistically significant and persistent results. The difficulty of understanding the response of currency markets becomes even harder when the significance of the respective context of news e.g. day of the week effect is considered or asymmetric responses are taken into account. Among the group of central banks especially the European Central Bank has attracted high attention in academic research. Preceding studies generally create dummy variables to measure ECB communication. These variables are then by different methods regressed against the exchange rate or other financial assets in order to find explanatory relationships. This paper follows this approach by using the dummy variable of Rosa, Verga (2006). Ultimately we arrive at three major findings using our dataset. (a) Communication and interest changes by central banks are interpreted differently by currency markets: While communication that suggests raising interest rates seems to b

Dieses Buch entwickelt Qualifikationsstandards im Bereich der Lehrerfortbildung im Fach Mathematik und versammelt Best-Practice-Beispiele aus allen Bereichen der Arbeit des Deutschen Zentrums fur Lehrerbildung Mathematik (DZLM), der zentralen Anlaufstelle fur Lehrerfortbildungen in der Mathematik. Es gibt moeglichst plastisch Auskunft uber Massnahmen, ihre Ziele, ihre Struktur und die Ergebnisse. Die Zielgruppe des Buches sind FachberaterInnen und sogenannte MultiplikatorInnen (d.h. Personen, die andere fachlich bzw. fachdidaktisch beraten, aus- und fortbilden), LehrerInnen, Verantwortliche fur Fortbildungen in den Landesinstituten und Schulamtern sowie FachdidakterInnen.

Der Wandel von der stabilen Erwerbsbiografie zur instabilen Patchworklaufbahn verlangt von Karriere- und Berufsberatern eine besondere Herangehensweise. Die Autoren stellen Coaching-Methoden vor, die Personen in beruflichen Umbruchsituationen bei der aktiven Gestaltung des Berufswegs helfen und vorhandene Ressourcen aktivieren. Praxisnah und direkt einsetzbar beschrieben, konnen die wissenschaftlich fundierten Verfahren auf zahlreichen Feldern eingesetzt werden: von der Beratung Jugendlicher bis zum Coaching von Fach- und Fuhrungskraften."