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For a chemist who is concerned with the synthesis of new energetic
compounds, it is essential to be able to assess physical and
thermodynamic properties, as well as the sensitivity, of possible
new energetic compounds before synthesis is attempted. Various
approaches have been developed to predict important aspects of the
physical and thermodynamic properties of energetic materials
including (but not limited to): crystal density, heat of formation,
melting point, enthalpy of fusion and enthalpy of sublimation of an
organic energetic compound. Since an organic energetic material
consists of metastable molecules capable of undergoing very rapid
and highly exothermic reactions, many methods have been developed
to estimate the sensitivity of an energetic compound with respect
to detonationcausing external stimuli such as heat, friction,
impact, shock and electrostatic discharge. This book introduces
these methods and demonstrates those methods which can be easily
applied.
This book discusses methods for the assessment of energetic
compounds through heat of detonation, detonation pressure, velocity
and temperature, Gurney energy and power. The authors focus on the
detonation pressure and detonation velocity of non-ideal aluminized
energetic compounds. This 2nd Edition includes an updated and
improved presentation of simple, reliable methods for the design,
synthesis and development of novel energetic compounds.
The 5th revised edition expands on the basic chemistry of
high-energy materials of the previous editions and examines new
research developments, including plastic bonded explosives and
melt-castable dinitrate esters. Applications in military and civil
fields are discussed. This work is of interest to advanced students
in chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as to all
those working in defense technology.
This book summarizes some recent developments in the area of
high-energy high-density (HEDM) materials. Rather than being
comprehensive in scope, emphasis is given to structural and bonding
features of highly energetic - terials with possible applications
as high explosives (secondary explosives) or propellants. In this
book we do not focus on primary explosives (e.g. lead
azidereplacements)sincebyde?nitiontheexplosiveperformance(detonation
velocity and detonation pressure) of such materials - although very
sensitive -are much less energetic than secondary (high)
explosives. Modern HEDMs derive most of their energy (i) from
oxidation of the c- bon backbone, as in traditional energetic
materials, (ii) from ring or cage strain, or (iii) from their very
high positive heat of formation. Examples of the?rstclassare
traditionalexplosives, suchasTNT, RDXand HMX.Modern
nitro-compounds, such as CL-20 or the recently reported hepta- and
octa- trocubanes, belong to the second group of explosives and
possess very high densities and enhance the energies utilizing
substantial cage strain. Members of the third class of compounds
are high-nitrogen compounds (up to 85% - trogencontent), such as
aminotetrazole and nitrotetrazolederivatives, which show the
desired remarkable insensitivity to electrostatic discharge,
friction and impact, while having very high positive heats of
formation and therefore very high explosive powers. The synthesis
of energetic, non-nuclear materials for military application has
been a long-term goal in various academic and military research
groups worldwide. Some of the current challenges that face
HEDMscientists are:
Demandforenvironmentallycompatibleandtoxicologicallyacceptable-
plosives and propellants. Examples are replacements for TNT, RDX
and HMXsince nitro-explosivesper se, aswellastheir environmental
transf- mation products, are toxic."
This book summarizes some recent developments in the area of
high-energy high-density (HEDM) materials. Rather than being
comprehensive in scope, emphasis is given to structural and bonding
features of highly energetic - terials with possible applications
as high explosives (secondary explosives) or propellants. In this
book we do not focus on primary explosives (e.g. lead
azidereplacements)sincebyde?nitiontheexplosiveperformance(detonation
velocity and detonation pressure) of such materials - although very
sensitive -are much less energetic than secondary (high)
explosives. Modern HEDMs derive most of their energy (i) from
oxidation of the c- bon backbone, as in traditional energetic
materials, (ii) from ring or cage strain, or (iii) from their very
high positive heat of formation. Examples of the?rstclassare
traditionalexplosives, suchasTNT, RDXand HMX.Modern
nitro-compounds, such as CL-20 or the recently reported hepta- and
octa- trocubanes, belong to the second group of explosives and
possess very high densities and enhance the energies utilizing
substantial cage strain. Members of the third class of compounds
are high-nitrogen compounds (up to 85% - trogencontent), such as
aminotetrazole and nitrotetrazolederivatives, which show the
desired remarkable insensitivity to electrostatic discharge,
friction and impact, while having very high positive heats of
formation and therefore very high explosive powers. The synthesis
of energetic, non-nuclear materials for military application has
been a long-term goal in various academic and military research
groups worldwide. Some of the current challenges that face
HEDMscientists are:
Demandforenvironmentallycompatibleandtoxicologicallyacceptable-
plosives and propellants. Examples are replacements for TNT, RDX
and HMXsince nitro-explosivesper se, aswellastheir environmental
transf- mation products, are toxic."
Chemistry of High-Energy Materials continues in this new and
revised 6th edition to provide fundamental scientifi c insights
into primary and secondary explosives, propellants, rocket fuels
and pyrotechnics. It expands with new research developments,
including new melt casts, reactive structure materials, a
computational study on the detonation velocity of mixtures of solid
explosives with non-explosive liquids, calculation of craters after
explosions. This work is of interest to advanced students in
chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as to all
those working in military and defense technology.
Fur viele Menschen ist die Chemie eine schwer verstandliche
Wissenschaft, und die Hemmschwelle, sich mit ihr
auseinanderzusetzen, ist entsprechend gross. Insbesondere der
Einstieg wird erschwert durch physikalische und mathematische
Modelle und Grundlagen, die eher abschrecken als erklaren. Wie gut
ware es, ein Buch zu haben, welches auf die detaillierte
Beschreibung dieser komplexen Modelle zu Beginn verzichtet und
diese erst ins Spiel bringt, wenn sie zum weiteren Verstandnis
notwendig werden?
Das vorliegende Buch besticht nicht nur durch den klaren und
leicht verstandlichen Schreibstil der Autoren, der auch junge
Menschen anspricht, sondern durch einen ganz neuen didaktischen
Ansatz. Der Einstieg in die spannende Welt der Chemie erfolgt uber
die anorganische Stoffchemie, und die andernorts meist schwer
verstandlichen physikalischen und mathematischen Grundlagen werden
erst behandelt, wo sie in direktem Zusammenhang zum Thema stehen.
So kannder Leser nach und nach in die Materie "hineinwachsen" -
Aha-Erlebnisse nicht ausgeschlossen -, ohne gleich zu Beginn
abgeschreckt oder gar frustriert zu werden.Dadurch wird dieses Buch
der ideale Begleiter fur Studierende der Chemie im Bachelor- und
Lehramtsstudiengang, aber auch fur Studierende mit Nebenfach Chemie
und fur all diejenigen, die sich gezwungenermassen mit Chemie
auseinandersetzen mussen. Lehrer der gymnasialen Oberstufe konnen
Anregungen fur ihre Unterrichtsgestaltung gewinnen, und Schulern
kann das Werk eine Entscheidungshilfe bei der Suche nach dem
richtigen Studienfach sein. Vielleicht ist es ja doch Chemie?"
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