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HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis in Central Asia: Country Profiles is part
of the World Bank Working Paper series. These papers are published
to communicate the results of the Bank's ongoing research and to
stimulate public discussion. The countries of Central Asia are
still at the earliest stage of an HIV/AIDS epidemic. However, the
region is experiencing: steep growth of new HIV cases; related
epidemics of injected drug use, sexually-transmitted infections
(STIs), and tuberculosis; a high percentage of youth in the total
population; and low levels of knowledge about the epidemics.
HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis may have devastating effects on human
capital, economic development, and health system reform. To address
this impending crisis, the World Bank has initiated the study of
HIV/AIDS, STIs, and TB in Central Asia. This study presents country
profiles that were developed to inform Bank management and other
stakeholders about the main characteristics of the epidemics. The
profiles cover epidemiology; strategic and regulatory frameworks;
surveillance; preventive, diagnostic, and treatment activities;
non-governmental and partner activities; and resources available.
This report summarizes the main issues identified by this initial
assessment and recommends further study and action.
The Countries of Southeastern Europe (Bulgaria, Croatia, and
Romania) have re-committed themselves to scale up action on the
prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS in the sub-region. These three
countries share several social conditions that have led to an
alarming increase in HIV infection. These conditions include
increasing unemployment and poverty, rapid social changes, a
decrease in the accessibility and quality of services and
educational opportunities, psychological stress from post-conflict
situations, increased substance abuse and sex work, and increased
trafficking in women for sexual exploitation. This paper reviews
the current status of the AIDS epidemics in the three countries,
evaluates the approaches and strategies currently being used in
each country, and makes recommendation both for government
strategies and for the World Bank's current and potential future
involvement in relation to these strategies. Potential
interventions are organized according to four general groupings:
Epidemiology and Operational Research Health Care and Social
Services Health Communications and Promotion Civil Society and
Advocacy"
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