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This textbook employs a pedagogical approach that facilitates
access to the fundamentals of Quantum Photonics. It contains an
introductory description of the quantum properties of photons
through the second quantization of the electromagnetic field,
introducing stimulated and spontaneous emission of photons at the
quantum level. Schroedinger's equation is used to describe the
behavior of electrons in a one-dimensional potential. Tunneling
through a barrier is used to introduce the concept of non locality
of an electron at the quantum level, which is closely-related to
quantum confinement tunneling, resonant tunneling, and the origin
of energy bands in both periodic (crystalline) and aperiodic
(non-crystalline) materials. Introducing the concepts of reciprocal
space, Brillouin zones, and Bloch's theorem, the determination of
electronic band structure using the pseudopotential method is
presented, allowing direct computation of the band structures of
most group IV, group III-V, and group II-VI semiconductors. The
text is supported by numerous numerical calculations that can be
repeated by the student. The book includes an extensive treatment
of the time duration of tunneling. The non-local nature of quantum
mechanical states is further developed by the proof of Bell's
theorem and an in-depth discussion of its implications for
experimental phenomena like quantum tunneling and quantum
entanglement. The entangled quantum photon pair is the workhorse
for exploring the fundamental non-locality of quantum mechanics, as
well as important applications such as quantum cryptography.
Further, the book presents the generation of entangled photon pairs
by spontaneous parametric downconversion in detail using operators
of the quantized photonic field. The physics of laser action is
presented using the quantum photonic basis of spontaneous and
stimulated emission, highlighting the limits of Maxwell's equations
in describing quantum behavior. Further, the book shows how the
quantum confinement of electrons leads to reduced threshold current
on the macroscopic level. Quantum cascade and interband cascade
laser structures are analyzed using methods developed in earlier
chapters to show how band structure engineering can be applied to
access photon emission energies that cannot be achieved using
conventional materials.
Photonics is the discipline of electrons and photons working in
tandem to create new physics, new devices and new applications.
This textbook employs a pedagogical approach that facilitates
access to the fundamentals of quantum photonics. Beginning with a
review of the quantum properties of photons and electrons, the book
then introduces the concept of their non-locality at the quantum
level. It presents a determination of electronic band structure
using the pseudopotential method, enabling the student to directly
compute the band structures of most group IV, group III-V, and
group II-VI semiconductors. The book devotes further in-depth
discussion of second quantization of the electromagnetic field that
describes spontaneous and stimulated emission of photons, quantum
entanglement and introduces the topic of quantum cascade lasers,
showing how electrons and photons interact in a quantum environment
to create a practical photonic device. This extended second edition
includes a detailed description of the link between quantum photon
states and the macroscopic electric field. It describes the
particle qualities of quantum electrons via their unique operator
algebra and distinguishable behavior from photons, and employs
these fundamentals to describe the quantum point contact, which is
the quantum analogue of a transistor and the basic building block
of all nanoscopic circuits, such as electron interferometers.
Pearsall's Quantum Photonics is supported by numerous numerical
calculations that can be repeated by the reader, and every chapter
features a reference list of state-of-the art research and a set of
exercises. This textbook is an essential part of any graduate-level
course dealing with the theory of nanophotonic devices or
computational physics of solid-state quantum devices based on
nanoscopic structures.
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