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Absolute poverty causes about one third of all human deaths, some
18 million annually, and blights billions of lives with hunger and
disease. Developing universalizable norms aimed at tackling
absolute poverty and the complex and multilayered problems
associated with it, this book considers the levels, trends and
determinants of absolute poverty and global inequality. Examining
whether much faster progress against absolute poverty is possible
through reductions in national and global inequalities that produce
economic growth for poor countries and households, this book
suggests that diverse moral views imply that international agencies
as well as the citizens, corporations and governments of affluent
countries bear a moral responsibility to reduce absolute poverty.
In considering strategies of eradication through specific policies
and structural reforms it is argued that because of its moral
importance and requirement for only modest efforts and resources,
the goal of overcoming absolute poverty must be given much higher
political priority by international agencies and governments of
affluent countries. Suggesting that these agencies should be
encouraged to facilitate and promote new initiatives, this book
concludes with a discussion of how such initiatives might be
realized.
Absolute poverty causes about one third of all human deaths, some
18 million annually, and blights billions of lives with hunger and
disease. Developing universalizable norms aimed at tackling
absolute poverty and the complex and multilayered problems
associated with it, this book considers the levels, trends and
determinants of absolute poverty and global inequality. Examining
whether much faster progress against absolute poverty is possible
through reductions in national and global inequalities that produce
economic growth for poor countries and households, this book
suggests that diverse moral views imply that international agencies
as well as the citizens, corporations and governments of affluent
countries bear a moral responsibility to reduce absolute poverty.
In considering strategies of eradication through specific policies
and structural reforms it is argued that because of its moral
importance and requirement for only modest efforts and resources,
the goal of overcoming absolute poverty must be given much higher
political priority by international agencies and governments of
affluent countries. Suggesting that these agencies should be
encouraged to facilitate and promote new initiatives, this book
concludes with a discussion of how such initiatives might be
realized.
Many of our interactions in the twenty-first century - both good
and bad - take place by means of institutions, technology, and
artefacts. We inhabit a world of implements, instruments, devices,
systems, gadgets, and infrastructures. Technology is not only
something that we make, but is also something that in many ways
makes us. The discipline of ethics must take this constitutive
feature of institutions and technology into account; thus, ethics
must in turn be embedded in our institutions and technology. The
contributors to this book argue that the methodology of 'designing
in ethics' - addressing and resolving the issues raised by
technology through the use of appropriate technological design - is
the way to achieve this integration. They apply their original
methodology to a wide range of institutions and technologies, using
case studies from the fields of healthcare, media and security.
Their volume will be important for philosophical practitioners and
theorists alike.
Many of our interactions in the twenty-first century - both good
and bad - take place by means of institutions, technology, and
artefacts. We inhabit a world of implements, instruments, devices,
systems, gadgets, and infrastructures. Technology is not only
something that we make, but is also something that in many ways
makes us. The discipline of ethics must take this constitutive
feature of institutions and technology into account; thus, ethics
must in turn be embedded in our institutions and technology. The
contributors to this book argue that the methodology of 'designing
in ethics' - addressing and resolving the issues raised by
technology through the use of appropriate technological design - is
the way to achieve this integration. They apply their original
methodology to a wide range of institutions and technologies, using
case studies from the fields of healthcare, media and security.
Their volume will be important for philosophical practitioners and
theorists alike.
This portrait of the global debate over patent law and access to
essential medicines focuses on public health concerns about
HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, the SARS virus, influenza, and
diseases of poverty. The essays explore the diplomatic negotiations
and disputes in key international fora, such as the World Trade
Organization, the World Health Organization and the World
Intellectual Property Organization. Drawing upon international
trade law, innovation policy, intellectual property law, health
law, human rights and philosophy, the authors seek to canvass
policy solutions which encourage and reward worthwhile
pharmaceutical innovation while ensuring affordable access to
advanced medicines. A number of creative policy options are
critically assessed, including the development of a Health Impact
Fund, prizes for medical innovation, the use of patent pools,
open-source drug development and forms of 'creative capitalism'.
This portrait of the global debate over patent law and access to
essential medicines focuses on public health concerns about
HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, the SARS virus, influenza, and
diseases of poverty. The essays explore the diplomatic negotiations
and disputes in key international fora, such as the World Trade
Organization, the World Health Organization and the World
Intellectual Property Organization. Drawing upon international
trade law, innovation policy, intellectual property law, health
law, human rights and philosophy, the authors seek to canvass
policy solutions which encourage and reward worthwhile
pharmaceutical innovation while ensuring affordable access to
advanced medicines. A number of creative policy options are
critically assessed, including the development of a Health Impact
Fund, prizes for medical innovation, the use of patent pools,
open-source drug development and forms of 'creative capitalism'.
This book brings forth debates on the production and eradication of
poverty from experiences in the global South. It collects a set of
innovative articles concentrating on the way in which poverty, as a
social process, has been tackled by popular movements and the
governments of various states across the globe. Providing new
insights into the limitations of traditional strategies to confront
poverty, it highlights how social organizations are working to
transform the livelihoods of people through bottom-up struggle and
more participatory approaches rather than passively waiting for
top-down solutions.
Thomas Pogge s book explains why so many of the wealthy believe
that they have no responsibility for the elimination of poverty
even though a degree of income transfer seems morally required. The
theories of the wealthy are seemingly disconnected from poverty in
other countries. Pogge dispatches with this illusion and suggests a
realistic standard of global economic justice."
Health Rights is a multidisciplinary collection of seminal papers
examining ethical, legal, and empirical questions regarding the
human right to health or health care. The volume discusses what
obligations health rights entail for governments and other actors,
how they relate to and potentially conflict with other rights and
values, and how cultural diversity bears on the formulation and
implementation of health rights. The paramount importance of such
questions is illustrated, among other things, by the catastrophic
health situation in developing countries and current debates about
the TRIPS Agreement and health care reform in the United States.
The volume is divided into five main parts which focus on
philosophical questions about the bases for the right to health or
health care; links between health and human rights; global
bioethics and public health ethics; intellectual property rights in
pharmaceuticals; and finally health rights issues arising in
specific contexts such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and gender.
The idea of a democratic developmental state forms part of the
current development discourse advocated by international aid
agencies, deliberated on by academics, and embraced by policy
makers in many emerging economies in the global South. What is
noticeable in this discourse is how little attention has been paid
to a discussion of the essence of a democratic developmental state,
and much of what passes for theory is little more than policy speak
and political rhetoric. This volume fills a gap in the literature
on the democratic developmental state. Analyzing the different
approaches to the implementation of democratic developmental states
in various countries in the South, it evaluates the extent to which
these are merely replicating the central tenets of the East Asian
model of the developmental state or if they are succeeding in their
attempts to establish a new and more inclusive conceptualization of
the state. In particular, the authors scrutinize to what degree the
attempts to build a democratic developmental state may be distorted
by the imperatives of neoliberalism. The volume broadens the
understanding of the Nordic model of a democratic developmental
state and shows how it represents an additional, and perhaps
contending understanding of the developmental state derived from
the East Asian experience.
John Rawls was one of the most important political philosophers of
our time, and promises to be an enduring figure over the coming
decades. His Theory of Justice (1971) has had a profound impact
across philosophy, politics, law, and economics. Nonetheless
Rawlsian theory is not easy to understand, particularly for
beginners, and his writing can be dense and forbidding. Thomas
Pogge's short introduction (originally published in German) gives a
thorough and concise presentation of the main outlines of Rawls's
theory, introduces biographical information when necessary, and
draws links between the Rawlsian enterprise and other important
positions in moral and political philosophy.
Kant's Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals is one of the most
important works in modern moral philosophy. This collection of
essays, the first of its kind in nearly thirty years, introduces
the reader to some of the most important studies of the book from
the past two decades, arranged in the form of a collective
commentary. Visit our website for sample chapters
Kant's Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals is one of the most
important works in modern moral philosophy. This collection of
essays, the first of its kind in nearly thirty years, introduces
the reader to some of the most important studies of the book from
the past two decades, arranged in the form of a collective
commentary. Visit our website for sample chapters
As the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) pass their 2015 deadline
and the international community begins to discuss the future of UN
development policy, Poverty and the Millennium Development Goals
brings together leading economists from both the global North and
South to provide a much needed critique of the prevailing
development agenda. By examining current development efforts, goals
and policies, it exposes the structurally flawed and misleading
measurements of poverty and hunger on which these efforts have been
based, and which have led official sources to routinely
underestimate the scale of world poverty even as the global
distribution of wealth becomes ever more imbalanced.
This book addresses sixteen different reform proposals that are
urgently needed to correct the fault lines in the international tax
system as it exists today, and which deprive both developing and
developed countries of critical tax resources. It offers clear and
concrete ideas on how the reforms can be achieved and why they are
important for a more just and equitable global system to prevail.
The key to reducing the tax gap and consequent human rights deficit
in poor countries is global financial transparency. Such
transparency is essential to curbing illicit financial flows that
drain less developed countries of capital and tax revenues, and are
an impediment to sustainable development. A major break-through for
financial transparency is now within reach. The policy reforms
outlined in this book not only advance tax justice but also protect
human rights by curtailing illegal activity and making available
more resources for development. While the reforms are realistic
they require both political and an informed and engaged civil
society that can put pressure on governments and policy makers to
act.
So long as large segments of humanity are suffering chronic poverty
and are dying from treatable diseases, organized giving can save or
enhance millions of lives. With the law providing little guidance,
ethics has a crucial role to play in ensuring that the
philanthropic practices of individuals, foundations, NGOs,
governments, and international agencies are morally sound and
effective. In Giving Well: The Ethics of Philanthropy, an
accomplished trio of editors bring together an international group
of distinguished philosophers, social scientists, lawyers and
practitioners to identify and address the most urgent moral
questions arising today in the practice of philanthropy. The topics
discussed include the psychology of giving, the reasons for and
against a duty to give, the accountability of NGOs and foundations,
the questionable marketing practices of some NGOs, the moral
priorities that should inform NGO decisions about how to target and
design their projects, the good and bad effects of aid, and the
charitable tax deduction along with the water's edge policy now
limiting its reach. This ground-breaking volume can help bring our
practice of charity closer to meeting the vital needs of the
millions worldwide who depend on voluntary contributions for their
very lives.
Collected here in one volume are fifteen cutting-edge essays by
leading academics which together clarify and defend the claim that
freedom from poverty is a human right with corresponding binding
obligations on the more affluent to practice effective poverty
avoidance. The nature of human rights and their corresponding
duties is examined, as is the theoretical standing of the social,
economic and cultural rights. The authors largely agree in
concluding that there is a human right to be free from poverty and
that this right is massively violated by the present world economy
which creates huge unfair imbalances in income and wealth among and
within countries. This searing indictment of the status quo is all
the more powerful as the authors endorsing it exemplify diverse
philosophical methods and moral traditions and also highlight
different aspects of poverty and global institutional arrangements.
This volume will be of great interest and value to academics
working in the fields of philosophy, political science and
international relations, as well as to undergraduate and graduate
students in these disciplines. It will also be a crucial aid and
challenge to practitioners in international governmental
organizations (such as the UN and its agencies) and NGOs who think
of their work in human-rights terms. Indeed, in view of the
magnitude of the human rights deficit at issue, any moral citizen
has reason to engage with the arguments of this book. And the book
makes this possible for most in that, throughout, even the most
complex aspects of rights theory is discussed in clear, direct
language, making the text accessible to specialists and lay readers
alike. Co-published with UNESCO
Global justice is rapidly emerging as a major academic field,
focusing on the values to assess and guide the most important
political transition of our time. Professional philosophers and
political theorists made many of the most important contributions
to this field as it was developing at the end of the 20th Century.
Those seminal early contributions continue to define terrain of the
current debates about global justice, and have now been brought
together for the very first time in one convenient collection, the
Classics of Global Justice. The articles contained therein are
required reading for everyone interested in global justice.
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