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Prepared as a tribute to Donald A. Riley, the essays that appear
here are representative of a research area that has loosely been
classified as animal cognition -- a categorization that reflects a
functionalist philosophy that was prevalent in Riley's laboratory
and that many of his students absorbed. According to this
philosophy, it is acceptable to hypothesize that an animal might
engage in complex processing of information, as long as one can
operationalize evidence for such a process and the hypothesis can
be presented in the context of testable predictions that can
differentiate it from other mechanisms. The contributions to this
volume represent the three most important areas of research in
animal cognition -- stimulus representation, memory processes, and
perceptual processes -- although current research has considerably
blurred these distinctions.
First published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
First published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Prepared as a tribute to Donald A. Riley, the essays that appear
here are representative of a research area that has loosely been
classified as animal cognition -- a categorization that reflects a
functionalist philosophy that was prevalent in Riley's laboratory
and that many of his students absorbed. According to this
philosophy, it is acceptable to hypothesize that an animal might
engage in complex processing of information, as long as one can
operationalize evidence for such a process and the hypothesis can
be presented in the context of testable predictions that can
differentiate it from other mechanisms. The contributions to this
volume represent the three most important areas of research in
animal cognition -- stimulus representation, memory processes, and
perceptual processes -- although current research has considerably
blurred these distinctions.
Decision making cuts across most areas of intellectual enquiry and academic endeavor. The classical view of individual human thinkers choosing among options remains important and instructive, but the contributors to this volume broaden this perspective to characterize the decision making behavior of groups, non-human organisms and even non-living objects and mathematical constructs. A diverse array of methods is brought to bear-mathematical, computational, subjective, neurobiological, evolutionary, and cultural. We can often identify best or optimal decisions and decision making processes, but observed responses may deviate markedly from these, to a large extent because the environment in which decisions must be made is constantly changing. Moreover, decision making can be highly constrained by institutions, natural and social context, and capabilities. Studies of the mechanisms underlying decisions by humans and other organisms are just beginning to gain traction and shape our thinking. Though decision making has fundamental similarities across the diverse array of entities considered to be making them, there are large differences of degree (if not kind) that relate to the question of human uniqueness. From this survey of views and approaches, we converge on a tentative agenda for accelerating development of a new field that includes advancing the dialog between the sciences and the humanities, developing a defensible classification scheme for decision making and decision makers, addressing the role of morality and justice, and moving advances into applications-the rapidly developing field of decision support.
In the past decade, the field of comparative cognition has grown and thrived. No less rigorous than purely behavioristic investigations, examinations of animal intelligence are useful for scientists and psychologists alike in their quest to understand the nature and mechanisms of intelligence. Extensive field research of various species has yielded exciting new areas of research, integrating findings from psychology, behavioral ecology, and ethology in a unique and wide-ranging synthesis of theory and research on animal cognition. This updated edition of The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Cognition contains sections on perception and illusion, attention and search, memory processes, spatial cognition, conceptualization and categorization, problem solving and behavioral flexibility, and social cognition processes. The authors have incorporated new findings and new theoretical approaches that reflect the current state of the field, including findings in primate tool usage, pattern learning, and counting. This comprehensive volume will be a must-read for students and scientists who are curious about the state the modern science of comparative cognition.
In 1978, Hulse, Fowler, and Honig published Cognitive Processes in
Animal Behavior, an edited volume that was a landmark in the
scientific study of animal intelligence. It liberated interest in
complex learning and cognition from the grasp of the rigid
theoretical structures of behaviorism that had prevailed during the
previous four decades, and as a result, the field of comparative
cognition was born. At long last, the study of the cognitive
capacities of animals other than humans emerged as a worthwhile
scientific enterprise. No less rigorous than purely behavioristic
investigations, studies of animal intelligence spanned such
wide-ranging topics as perception, spatial learning and memory,
timing and numerical competence, categorization and
conceptualization, problem solving, rule learning, and creativity.
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