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Violence was an inescapable part of people's daily lives in
eighteenth-century France. The Revolution in general and the Terror
in particular were marked by intense outbursts of political
violence, whilst the abuse of wives, children and servants was
still rife in the home. But the representation of violence in its
myriad forms remains aesthetically troublesome. Drawing on
correspondence, pamphlets, novels and plays, authors analyse the
portrayal of violence as a rational act, the basis of (re)written
history, an expression of institutional power, and a challenge to
morality. Contributions include explorations of: the use of the
dream sequence in fiction to comprehend violence; how rhetoric can
manipulate violent historical truth as documented by Burke in his
Reflections on the Revolution in France; the political implications
of commemorating the massacre at the Tuileries of 10 August 1792;
how Sade's graphic descriptions of violence placed the reader in a
morally ambivalent position; the differing responses of individuals
subjected to brutal incarceration at Vincennes and the Bastille;
the constructive force of violence as a means of creating a sense
of self.
Sade's rehabilitation as a major Enlightenment writer has hitherto
not extended to a re-evaluation of his dramatic works. With a
theoretical framework inspired by psychoanalysis and dramatic
theory, and attentive to eighteenth-century theoretical debates,
Thomas Wynn demonstrates the value of these neglected works. This
is the first study to consider the nature and implications of
Sade's dramatic aesthetic, and to define the erotic quality of
spectatorship in his experimental plays. Challenging the assumption
that the gaze is sadistic, the author uses insights from film
theory to argue that Sade adapts contemporary theatrical texts and
practice to create an aesthetic distinct from that of his novels.
Rather than replicate the style of such works as Les Cent vingt
journees de Sodome, Sade's drama anticipates a masochistic model,
as theorised by Theodor Reik and Gilles Deleuze. This analysis of
Sadean spectatorship takes a thematic rather than chronological or
text-by-text approach. The author argues that Sade, as an atheist
materialist, focuses on the structural elements of theatre to
produce visual pleasure rather than moral improvement, and that he
elaborates an insistently visual dramatic aesthetic, a mode
analogous to the linguistic saturation of the novels' tout dire.
With reference to eighteenth-century obscene drama, theatre
architecture and the history of visuality, the author explores the
paradox that Sade's theatre is meant not for the stage, but for the
private imagination. His visionary theatre is an example of the
late eighteenth-century sublime, an aesthetic of the ineffable and
the unrepresentable which, in its emphasis on the survival of the
demeaned individual, structurally resembles masochism. Without
deforming his technique or strategy, the author shows that Sade's
voluptuous theatre - like his fiction - addresses an individual
whose sovereignty in a godless world is intimately linked to the
independent imagination. This book will be of interest to all those
working in eighteenth-century drama and theory of spectatorship.
An Introduction to Evolutionary Cognitive Archaeology is the first
concise introduction that lays out the epistemological foundations
of evolutionary cognitive archaeology in a way that is accessible
to students. The volume is divided into three sections. The first
section situates cognitive archaeology in the pantheon of
archaeological approaches and distinguishes between ideational
cognitive archaeology and evolutionary cognitive archaeology. This
is followed by a close look at the nature of cognitive
archaeological inferences and concludes with brief summaries of the
major methods of evolutionary cognitive archaeology. The second
section of the book introduces the reader to a variety of cognitive
phenomena that are accessible using the methods of cognitive
archaeology: memory, technical cognition, spatial cognition, social
cognition, art and aesthetics, and symbolism and language. The
third section presents a brief outline of hominin cognitive
evolution from the perspective of evolutionary cognitive
archaeology. The authors divide the archaeological record into
three major phases: The Bipedal Apes-3.3 million-1.7 million years
ago; The Axe Age-1.7 million-300,000 years ago; and The Emergence
of Modern Thinking-300,000-12,000 years ago. An Introduction to
Evolutionary Cognitive Archaeology is an essential text for
undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars across the
behavioral and social sciences interested in learning about
cognitive archaeology, including psychologists, philosophers,
anthropologists, and archaeologists.
WINNER OF THE 2017 SCOTT MONCRIEFF PRIZE A new translation of
Sade's most notorious, shocking and influential novel. This
disturbing but hugely important text has influenced countless
individuals throughout history: Flaubert and Baudelaire both read
Sade; the surrealists were obsessed with him; film-makers like
Pasolini saw parallels with twentieth-century history in his
writings; and feminists such as Andrea Dworkin and Angela Carter
clashed over him. This new translation brings Sade's provocative
novel into Penguin Classics for the first time, and will reignite
the debate around this most controversial of writers.
An Introduction to Evolutionary Cognitive Archaeology is the first
concise introduction that lays out the epistemological foundations
of evolutionary cognitive archaeology in a way that is accessible
to students. The volume is divided into three sections. The first
section situates cognitive archaeology in the pantheon of
archaeological approaches and distinguishes between ideational
cognitive archaeology and evolutionary cognitive archaeology. This
is followed by a close look at the nature of cognitive
archaeological inferences and concludes with brief summaries of the
major methods of evolutionary cognitive archaeology. The second
section of the book introduces the reader to a variety of cognitive
phenomena that are accessible using the methods of cognitive
archaeology: memory, technical cognition, spatial cognition, social
cognition, art and aesthetics, and symbolism and language. The
third section presents a brief outline of hominin cognitive
evolution from the perspective of evolutionary cognitive
archaeology. The authors divide the archaeological record into
three major phases: The Bipedal Apes-3.3 million-1.7 million years
ago; The Axe Age-1.7 million-300,000 years ago; and The Emergence
of Modern Thinking-300,000-12,000 years ago. An Introduction to
Evolutionary Cognitive Archaeology is an essential text for
undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars across the
behavioral and social sciences interested in learning about
cognitive archaeology, including psychologists, philosophers,
anthropologists, and archaeologists.
This volume features works of 1764 connected with a long-running
controversy about the question of the authenticity of Cardinal de
Richelieu's political testament, a series of articles Voltaire
wrote for the "Gazette litteraire de l'Europe" in 1764-1765, as
well as the "Sentiment des citoyens", a scathing pamphlet he penned
against his arch-enemy Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Not just a science fiction tale about a planet-hopping giant from
outer space visiting our world, but also a commentary on society
and the scientific knowledge at the time of its composition,
"Micromegas" reflects on man's place in the universe, between two
infinities. This has remained one of Voltaire's best-loved tales.
This volume also features "La Prude", a comedy inspired by
Wycherley's "Plain Dealer", the "Conseils a M. Racine sur son poeme
de La Religion", where Voltaire criticises the work of Louis
Racine, son of the illustrious playwright, as well as "Le
Preservatif ou critique des 'Observations sur les ecrits
modernes'", in which the author targets his personal enemy the abbe
Desfontaines and his literary journal.
This book presents new directions in the study of cognitive
archaeology. Seeking to understand the conditions that led to the
development of a variety of cognitive processes during evolution,
it uses evidence from empirical studies and offers theoretical
speculations about the evolution of modern thinking as well. The
volume draws from the fields of archaeology and neuropsychology,
which traditionally have shared little in the way of theories and
methods, even though both disciplines provide crucial pieces to the
puzzle of the emergence and evolution of human cognition. The
twelve essays, written by an international team of scholars,
represent an eclectic array of interests, methods, and theories
about evolutionary cognitive archaeology. Collectively, they
consider whether the processes in the development of human
cognition simply made a better use of anatomical and cerebral
structures already in place at the beginning of hominization. They
also consider the possibility of an active role of hominoids in
their own development and query the impact of hominoid activity in
the emergence of new cognitive abilities.
The three plays presented in this volume and their various
adjoining texts, ranging from the lengthy 'Notes' on Le Triumvirat
to prefaces, avertissements and avis, all testify to Voltaire's
continuing preoccupation with the uses and abuses of political
authority, for good (as in Charlot) and evil (as in Le Triumvirat
and its accompanying essays, as well as, more ambiguously, in Les
Scythes).Contents: Octave et le jeune Pompee, ou Le Triumvirat
(Dennis Fletcher), Du gouvernement et de la divinite d'Auguste
(Dennis Fletcher), Des conspirations contre les peuples, ou des
proscriptions (Jacqueline Marchand), Les Scythes (Robert Niklaus
and Thomas Wynn), Charlot, ou la comtesse de Givry (Thomas Wynn)."
This book presents new directions in the study of cognitive
archaeology. Seeking to understand the conditions that led to the
development of a variety of cognitive processes during evolution,
it uses evidence from empirical studies and offers theoretical
speculations about the evolution of modern thinking as well. The
volume draws from the fields of archaeology and neuropsychology,
which traditionally have shared little in the way of theories and
methods, even though both disciplines provide crucial pieces to the
puzzle of the emergence and evolution of human cognition. The
twelve essays, written by an international team of scholars,
represent an eclectic array of interests, methods, and theories
about evolutionary cognitive archaeology. Collectively, they
consider whether the processes in the development of human
cognition simply made a better use of anatomical and cerebral
structures already in place at the beginning of hominization. They
also consider the possibility of an active role of hominoids in
their own development and query the impact of hominoid activity in
the emergence of new cognitive abilities.
The Rise of Homo sapiens provides an unrivalled interdisciplinary
introduction to the subject of hominin cognitive evolution that is
appropriate for general audiences and students in psychology,
archaeology, and anthropology. The book includes chapters on neural
anatomy, working memory, evolutionary methods, and non-human
primate cognition, but the bulk of the text reviews major
developments in cognition over the span of hominin evolution from
the ape-like cognition of Ardipithecus to the final developments
that enabled the modern mind. The most provocative chapters of the
first edition - the explicit discussion of the role of sleep in
hominin evolution and the difference between Neandertal and modern
human cognition - incorporate significant developments in both
areas since the publication of the first edition. This revised
edition updates the former text and adds greater emphasis to the
growing fields of epigenetic inheritance, embodied cognition, and
neuroaesthetics. The new edition provides greater emphasis on role
and status of Homo heidelbergensis.
How did human thought evolve into the highly complex process it is
today? In the field of evolutionary cognitive archaeology,
cognitive science and archaeology intersect to provide a more
complete and grounded picture of the mind. With the combination of
cognitive theories and archaeological evidence, this burgeoning
field is only beginning to tap into the potential for a better
understanding of the development of specific cognitive abilities.
Cognitive Models in Palaeolithic Archaeology explores hominin
cognitive development by applying formal cognitive models to
analyze prehistoric remains from the entire range of the
Palaeolithic, from the earliest stone tools 3.3 million years ago
to artistic developments that emerged 50,000 years ago. Several
different cognitive models are presented, including expert
cognition, information processing, material engagement theory,
embodied/extended cognition, neuroaesthetics, visual resonance
theory, theory of mind, and neuronal recycling. By examining
archaeological remains, and thereby past activities and behavior,
through the grounded lenses of these models, a mosaic pattern of
human cognitive evolution emerges. This volume, authored by many
leading authorities in the field of cognitive archaeology, will
attract scholars and students of cognitive evolution and
paleoanthropology, who will find a new understanding of hominin
cognitive evolution and substantive conclusions about our hominin
evolution as opportunities for further research.
Cette edition donnera au lecteur l'occasion de decouvrir le theatre
erotique du XVIIIe siecle, facette meconnue de la theatromanie de
l'epoque. Les textes, extremement rares, reunis dans ce volume
paraissent ici pour la premiere fois depuis plus de 250 ans. Ecrit
dans les annees 1770 par Delisle de Sales pour un theatre princier,
le 'Theatre d'amour' est un recueil de comedies mettant en scene
les ebats amoureux de personnages mythologiques et historiques,
tels que Junon et Ganymede, Cesar et deux Vestales, et Abailard et
Heloise. Cette uvre insolite, qui n'existe qu'en un seul manuscrit,
soigneusement redige apres la Revolution, est ici publiee in
extenso. Le lecteur peut aussi decouvrir 'L'Art de foutre, ou Paris
foutant', ballet obscene de Baculard d'Arnaud. Jouee dans un bordel
parisien en 1741, cette parodie spectaculaire fut l'objet de la
repression policiere la plus severe, et l'auteur, l'imprimeur et le
commanditaire furent tous emprisonnes a la Bastille sous les ordres
de Maurepas, secretaire d'etat. L'examen des archives officielles
nous a permis de mieux comprendre pourquoi la police s'acharna a
supprimer le ballet. Thomas Wynn est maitre de conferences a
l'Universite de Durham, en Grande-Bretagne.
There have been many books, movies, and even TV commercials
featuring Neandertals-some serious, some comical. But what was it
really like to be a Neandertal? How were their lives similar to or
different from ours? In How to Think Like a Neandertal,
archaeologist Thomas Wynn and psychologist Frederick L. Coolidge
team up to provide a brilliant account of the mental life of
Neandertals, drawing on the most recent fossil and archaeological
remains. Indeed, some Neandertal remains are not fossilized,
allowing scientists to recover samples of their genes-one specimen
had the gene for red hair and, more provocatively, all had a gene
called FOXP2, which is thought to be related to speech. Given the
differences between their faces and ours, their voices probably
sounded a bit different, and the range of consonants and vowels
they could generate might have been different. But they could talk,
and they had a large (perhaps huge) vocabulary-words for places,
routes, techniques, individuals, and emotions. Extensive
archaeological remains of stone tools and living sites (and, yes,
they did often live in caves) indicate that Neandertals relied on
complex technical procedures and spent most of their lives in small
family groups. The authors sift the evidence that Neandertals had a
symbolic culture-looking at their treatment of corpses, the use of
fire, and possible body coloring-and conclude that they probably
did not have a sense of the supernatural. The book explores the
brutal nature of their lives, especially in northwestern Europe,
where men and women with spears hunted together for mammoths and
wooly rhinoceroses. They were pain tolerant, very likely taciturn,
and not easy to excite. Wynn and Coolidge offer here an eye-opening
portrait of Neandertals, painting a remarkable picture of these
long-vanished people and providing insight, as they go along, into
our own minds and culture.
There have been many books, movies, and even TV commercials
featuring Neandertals--some serious, some comical. But what was it
really like to be a Neandertal? How were their lives similar to or
different from ours?
In How to Think Like a Neandertal, archaeologist Thomas Wynn and
psychologist Frederick L. Coolidge team up to provide a brilliant
account of the mental life of Neandertals, drawing on the most
recent fossil and archaeological remains. Indeed, some Neandertal
remains are not fossilized, allowing scientists to recover samples
of their genes--one specimen had the gene for red hair and, more
provocatively, all had a gene called FOXP2, which is thought to be
related to speech. Given the differences between their faces and
ours, their voices probably sounded a bit different, and the range
of consonants and vowels they could generate might have been
different. But they could talk, and they had a large (perhaps huge)
vocabulary--words for places, routes, techniques, individuals, and
emotions. Extensive archaeological remains of stone tools and
living sites (and, yes, they did often live in caves) indicate that
Neandertals relied on complex technical procedures and spent most
of their lives in small family groups. The authors sift the
evidence that Neandertals had a symbolic culture--looking at their
treatment of corpses, the use of fire, and possible body
coloring--and conclude that they probably did not have a sense of
the supernatural. The book explores the brutal nature of their
lives, especially in northwestern Europe, where men and women with
spears hunted together for mammoths and wooly rhinoceroses. They
were pain tolerant, very likely taciturn, and not easy to excite.
Wynn and Coolidge offer here an eye-opening portrait of
Neandertals, painting a remarkable picture of these long-vanished
people and providing insight, as they go along, into our own minds
and culture.
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