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Franz Brentano is one of the founding fathers of twentieth century
philosophy, celebrated for introducing the concept of
intentionality to philosophy as well as making significant
contributions to ethics and logic. His work exerted great influence
on major philosophers such as Edmund Husserl, but also philosophers
travelling in the opposite direction, such Gottlob Frege. He
counted Sigmund Freud amongst his students and Freud expressed
great admiration for his teacher in several letters. Psychology
from an Empirical Standpoint is Brentano's most important and
brilliant work. It helped to establish psychology as a scientific
discipline, but did so in a highly original and distinctive manner
by arguing for a form of introspectionism. Brentano argued that
consciousness is always unified and that the hallmark of the mind
is that one's thoughts are always directed towards something - his
famous theory of 'intentionality' - arguments that have deep
implications not just for philosophy but psychology, cognitive
science and consciousness studies. With a new foreword by Tim
Crane.
Dispositions are essential to our understanding of the world. Dispositions: A Debate is an extended dialogue between three distinguished philosophers - D.M. Armstrong, C.B. Martin and U.T. Place - on the many problems associated with dispositions, which reveals their own distinctive accounts of the nature of dispositions. These are then linked to other issues such as the nature of mind, matter, universals, existence, laws of nature and causation. eBook available with sample pages: 0203004876
How can the human mind represent the external world? What is
thought, and can it be studied scientifically? Should we think of
the mind as a kind of machine? Is the mind a computer? Can a
computer think? Tim Crane sets out to answer these questions and
more in a lively and straightforward way, presuming no prior
knowledge of philosophy or related disciplines. Since its first
publication, The Mechanical Mind has introduced thousands of people
to some of the most important ideas in contemporary philosophy of
mind. Crane explains the fundamental ideas that cut across
philosophy of mind, artificial intelligence and cognitive science:
what the mind-body problem is; what a computer is and how it works;
what thoughts are and how computers and minds might have them. He
examines different theories of the mind from dualist to
eliminativist, and questions whether there can be thought without
language and whether the mind is subject to the same causal laws as
natural phenomena. The result is a fascinating exploration of the
theories and arguments surrounding the notions of thought and
representation. This third edition has been fully revised and
updated, and includes a wholly new chapter on externalism about
mental content and the extended and embodied mind. There is a
stronger emphasis on the environmental and bodily context in which
thought occurs. Many chapters have been reorganised to make the
reader's passage through the book easier. The book now contains a
much more detailed guide to further reading, and the chronology and
the glossary of technical terms have also been updated. The
Mechanical Mind is accessible to anyone interested in the
mechanisms of our minds, and essential reading for those studying
philosophy of mind, philosophy of psychology, or cognitive
psychology.
Dispositions are essential to our understanding of the world.
Dispositions: A Debate is an extended dialogue between three
distinguished philosophers - D.M. Armstrong, C.B. Martin and U.T.
Place - on the many problems associated with dispositions, which
reveals their own distinctive accounts of the nature of
dispositions. These are then linked to other issues such as the
nature of mind, matter, universals, existence, laws of nature and
causation.
Fred Stoutland was a major figure in the philosophy of action and
philosophy of language. This collection brings together essays on
truth, language, action and mind and thus provides an important
summary of many key themes in Stoutland's own work, as well as
offering valuable perspectives on key issues in contemporary
philosophy.
How can the human mind represent the external world? What is
thought, and can it be studied scientifically? Should we think of
the mind as a kind of machine? Is the mind a computer? Can a
computer think? Tim Crane sets out to answer these questions and
more in a lively and straightforward way, presuming no prior
knowledge of philosophy or related disciplines. Since its first
publication, The Mechanical Mind has introduced thousands of people
to some of the most important ideas in contemporary philosophy of
mind. Crane explains the fundamental ideas that cut across
philosophy of mind, artificial intelligence and cognitive science:
what the mind-body problem is; what a computer is and how it works;
what thoughts are and how computers and minds might have them. He
examines different theories of the mind from dualist to
eliminativist, and questions whether there can be thought without
language and whether the mind is subject to the same causal laws as
natural phenomena. The result is a fascinating exploration of the
theories and arguments surrounding the notions of thought and
representation. This third edition has been fully revised and
updated, and includes a wholly new chapter on externalism about
mental content and the extended and embodied mind. There is a
stronger emphasis on the environmental and bodily context in which
thought occurs. Many chapters have been reorganised to make the
reader's passage through the book easier. The book now contains a
much more detailed guide to further reading, and the chronology and
the glossary of technical terms have also been updated. The
Mechanical Mind is accessible to anyone interested in the
mechanisms of our minds, and essential reading for those studying
philosophy of mind, philosophy of psychology, or cognitive
psychology.
Aspects of Psychologism is a penetrating look into fundamental
philosophical questions of consciousness, perception, and the
experience we have of our mental lives. Psychologism, in Tim
Crane's formulation, presents the mind as a single subject-matter
to be investigated not only empirically and conceptually but also
phenomenologically: through the systematic examination of
consciousness and thought from the subject's point of view. How
should we think about the mind? Analytical philosophy tends to
address this question by examining the language we use to talk
about our minds, and thus translates our knowledge of mind and
consciousness into knowledge of the concepts which this language
embodies. Psychologism rejects this approach. The philosophy of
mind, Crane believes, has become too narrow in its purely
conceptual focus on the logical and linguistic formulas that
structure thought. We cannot assume that the categories needed to
understand the mind correspond absolutely with such semantic
categories. A central claim of Crane's psychologism is that
intentionality--the "aboutness" or "directedness" of the mind--is
essential to all mental phenomena. In addition, Crane responds to
proponents of materialist doctrines about consciousness and defends
the claim that perception can represent the world in a
non-conceptual, non-propositional way. Philosophers must take more
seriously the findings of psychology and phenomenology, Crane
contends. An investigation of mental phenomena from this broader
viewpoint opens up philosophy to a more realistic and plausible
account of the mind's nature.
"[A] lucid and thoughtful book... In a spirit of reconciliation,
Crane proposes to paint a more accurate picture of religion for his
fellow unbelievers." -James Ryerson, New York Times Book Review
Contemporary debate about religion seems to be going nowhere.
Atheists persist with their arguments, many plausible and some
unanswerable, but these make no impact on religious believers.
Defenders of religion find atheists equally unwilling to cede
ground. The Meaning of Belief offers a way out of this stalemate.
An atheist himself, Tim Crane writes that there is a fundamental
flaw with most atheists' basic approach: religion is not what they
think it is. Atheists tend to treat religion as a kind of primitive
cosmology, as the sort of explanation of the universe that science
offers. They conclude that religious believers are irrational,
superstitious, and bigoted. But this view of religion is almost
entirely inaccurate. Crane offers an alternative account based on
two ideas. The first is the idea of a religious impulse: the sense
people have of something transcending the world of ordinary
experience, even if it cannot be explicitly articulated. The second
is the idea of identification: the fact that religion involves
belonging to a specific social group and participating in practices
that reinforce the bonds of belonging. Once these ideas are
properly understood, the inadequacy of atheists' conventional
conception of religion emerges. The Meaning of Belief does not
assess the truth or falsehood of religion. Rather, it looks at the
meaning of religious belief and offers a way of understanding it
that both makes sense of current debate and also suggests what more
intellectually responsible and practically effective attitudes
atheists might take to the phenomenon of religion.
Fred Stoutland was a major figure in the philosophy of action and
philosophy of language. This collection brings together essays on
truth, language, action and mind and thus provides an important
summary of many key themes in Stoutland's own work, as well as
offering valuable perspectives on key issues in contemporary
philosophy.
Franz Brentano is one of the founding fathers of twentieth century
philosophy, celebrated for introducing the concept of
intentionality to philosophy as well as making significant
contributions to ethics and logic. His work exerted great influence
on major philosophers such as Edmund Husserl, but also philosophers
travelling in the opposite direction, such Gottlob Frege. He
counted Sigmund Freud amongst his students and Freud expressed
great admiration for his teacher in several letters. Psychology
from an Empirical Standpoint is Brentano's most important and
brilliant work. It helped to establish psychology as a scientific
discipline, but did so in a highly original and distinctive manner
by arguing for a form of introspectionism. Brentano argued that
consciousness is always unified and that the hallmark of the mind
is that one's thoughts are always directed towards something - his
famous theory of 'intentionality' - arguments that have deep
implications not just for philosophy but psychology, cognitive
science and consciousness studies. With a new foreword by Tim
Crane.
A deep concern with consciousness and intentionality is one of the
several things that has lately moved into the centre of the
philosophy of mind. The issue of consciousness is often treated as
something distinct from intentionality, but - as Tim Crane notes in
his incisive new Foreword - there is now something of a sea-change.
This classic volume may be at least partly responsible for the
shift in how philosophy of mind is starting to be understood.
Before its first appearance, discussions of consciousness and
intentionality in the context of perception were in their infancy.
The book was a departure from the way this part of philosophy was
conceived. It pointed to new ways to look at the discipline,
addressing both the epistemology of mind, and intentionality and
consciousness, especially in connection with perception. Showcasing
many leading figures in the field, it offers a splendid overview of
the issues at stake.
This anthology provides a complete and self-contained introduction to metaphysics. Both an anthology and commentary, it contains an extensive collection of the best classical and contemporary readings on the subject, as well as substantial editorial material, which set the extracts in context and guide the reader through them. The book is divided into 10 sections, providing instructors with flexibility in designing and teaching a variety of courses.
The Objects of Thought addresses the ancient question of how it is
possible to think about what does not exist. Tim Crane argues that
the representation of the non-existent is a pervasive feature of
our thought about the world, and that we will not adequately
understand thought's representational power ('intentionality')
unless we have understood the representation of the non-existent.
Intentionality is conceived by Crane in terms of the direction of
the mind upon an object of thought, or an intentional object.
Intentional objects are what we think about. Some intentional
objects exist and some do not. Non-existence poses a problem
because there seem to be truths about non-existent intentional
objects, but truths are answerable to reality, and reality contains
only what exists. The proposed solution is to accept that there are
some genuine truths about non-existent intentional objects, but to
hold that they must be reductively explained in terms of truths
about what does exist. The Objects of Thought offers both an
original account of the nature of intentionality and a solution to
the problem of thought about the non-existent.
The nature of perception has long been a central question in
philosophy. It is of crucial importance not just in the philosophy
of mind, but also in epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, and the
philosophy of science. The essays in this 1992 volume not only
offer fresh answers to some of the traditional problems of
perception, but also examine the subject in light of contemporary
research on mental content. A substantial introduction locates the
essays within the recent history of the subject, and demonstrates
the links between them. The Contents of Experience brings together
some prominent philosophers in the field, and offers a major
statement on a problem central to current philosophical thinking.
Notable contributors include Christopher Peacocke, Brian
O'Shaughnessy and Michael Tye.
The nature of perception has long been a central question in philosophy. It is of central importance not just for the philosophy of mind, but also for epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, and the philosophy of science. This volume represents the best of the latest research on perception, with contributions from some of the leading philosophers in the area, including Christopher Peacocke, Brian O'Shaughnessy and Michael Tye. As well as discussing traditional problems, the essays also approach the topic in light of recent research on mental content and representation.
This book provides an accessible lively introduction to the main problems and debates in contemporary philosophy of mind. Tim Crane proposes an original and unified theory of all the phenomena of mind, and, in the light of his theory, examines the central problems of the philosophy of mind: the mind-body problem, the problem of intentionality, the problem of consciousness, and the problem of perception.
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