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This book reveals why the UN is more successful than unilateral
great powers in protecting civilians from violence, and focuses on
the discourse, development and consequences of UN peacekeeping.
Analysing statistics of state fragility and fatalities of violence,
it reveals that the UN has managed to save tens of thousands of
lives with its peacekeeping: a surprising statistic given the media
consensus about the UN's powerlessness and inefficiency. Using
computer-assisted discourse analysis of resolutions from the UN
Security Council, 1993-2019, the book offers data that describe the
character and development of UN approach to the protection of
civilians from violence. It then links the data to the statistics
of conflict fatalities and state fragility to reveal, by means of
qualitative and quantitative analysis, when, where, how and why the
UN has been successful at protecting civilians. Two reasons for the
UN's success are highlighted in the book as being statistically
most significant. First, the organization offers local ownership to
peaceful solutions by considering conflicting parties as the
primary agents of protection. Second, the UN approach is much less
power-oriented than unilateral approaches by the great powers:
protection for the UN does not mean deterrence or destruction, but
rather, support for local protectors of civilians. However, strong
great power influence on such operations tends to weaken UN's
ability to save lives. This book will be of much interest to
students of humanitarian intervention, peacekeeping, human rights
and International Relations in general.
This book reveals why the UN is more successful than unilateral
great powers in protecting civilians from violence, and focuses on
the discourse, development and consequences of UN peacekeeping.
Analysing statistics of state fragility and fatalities of violence,
it reveals that the UN has managed to save tens of thousands of
lives with its peacekeeping: a surprising statistic given the media
consensus about the UN's powerlessness and inefficiency. Using
computer-assisted discourse analysis of resolutions from the UN
Security Council, 1993-2019, the book offers data that describe the
character and development of UN approach to the protection of
civilians from violence. It then links the data to the statistics
of conflict fatalities and state fragility to reveal, by means of
qualitative and quantitative analysis, when, where, how and why the
UN has been successful at protecting civilians. Two reasons for the
UN's success are highlighted in the book as being statistically
most significant. First, the organization offers local ownership to
peaceful solutions by considering conflicting parties as the
primary agents of protection. Second, the UN approach is much less
power-oriented than unilateral approaches by the great powers:
protection for the UN does not mean deterrence or destruction, but
rather, support for local protectors of civilians. However, strong
great power influence on such operations tends to weaken UN's
ability to save lives. This book will be of much interest to
students of humanitarian intervention, peacekeeping, human rights
and International Relations in general.
This book is about the process and, more generally, about the
opportunities that peace research and the teaching of conflict
resolution can offer academic diplomacy. As such the book is both
an empirical and a theoretical project. While it aims at being the
most comprehensive analysis of the conflict in West Kalimantan, it
also launches a new theoretical approach, neo-pragmatism, and
offers lessons for the prevention of conflicts elsewhere. While
being based on the classical pragmatist theories of truth and
explanation, the approach developed in this book incorporates the
complications to social science theory caused by the 'discovery' of
socially constructed realities, and concepts such as speech acts.
Yet, instead of just theorizing speech acts and social constructs,
the theoretical mission is to offer pragmatic, detailed, concrete
prescriptions of what to do to deconstruct realities that threaten
peace by the means available for research and scholars of peace.
The annual number of battle deaths from interstate and intra-state
conflicts in East Asia has declined by 95% since 1979. During the
past three decades, East Asia has been more peaceful than Europe,
the Americas or any continent, in terms of battle deaths per
capita. When generating theories on peace and war, studies almost
never look at the experiences of East Asia. Yet the region by
focusing on a commitment to development, is a social reality that
is less paranoid, less militaristic and more cooperative. Since
1979 there has been a commonly accepted rule to keep domestic
issues domestic so that external military interference, that often
caused the majority of battle deaths, was not needed. Thus the
emergence of the long peace of East Asia is historically specific,
and cannot be generalized by studying objective, material
conditions independent of common perceptions and common
interpretations. This does not mean that the East Asian experience
is not relevant for other regions in the world, but that
generalizations should not be attempted to be drawn from the
material conditions, but rather from the lived experience and
socially constructed realities of East Asia. Since East Asia is a
spectacular case of pacification, and since it has not contributed
much to our theories of peace and conflict, The Long Peace of East
Asia is an important book for studies on peace and war.
This book investigates the reasons behind, and consequences of,
military operations by Western powers. It focuses on those
humanitarian interventions aimed at protecting civilians from
terror, dictators and criminals in fragile states. Contributing to
the cosmopolitan, feminist and post-colonial literature on
interventions, 12 case studies from across the globe are explored,
including military interventions in: Afghanistan, the Central
African Republic, Iraq, Kosovo, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Pakistan,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, Syria and Yemen. The interventionist era
post 1999 has been associated with an increase in conflict
fatalities, while the non-interventionist era 1989-1999 is
associated with declining conflict violence. This book analyses
both quantitatively and qualitatively the interactive discourses of
the proponents and opponents of humanitarian protection. Timo
Kivimaki explores the need for a representative global agency and
legitimate institutions to avoid accusations of partisanship, and
calls for the removal of the masculine gender bias in protection to
create 'democratic matriotism'. A timely read for advanced
international relations scholars, this book analyses the data
surrounding military interventions, providing a thorough insight
into the last two decades of humanitarian conflict work.
Politicians and practitioners of wartime humanitarian protection
will also greatly benefit from this book.
The annual number of battle deaths from interstate and intra-state
conflicts in East Asia has declined by 95% since 1979. During the
past three decades, East Asia has been more peaceful than Europe,
the Americas or any continent, in terms of battle deaths per
capita. When generating theories on peace and war, studies almost
never look at the experiences of East Asia. Yet the region by
focusing on a commitment to development, is a social reality that
is less paranoid, less militaristic and more cooperative. Since
1979 there has been a commonly accepted rule to keep domestic
issues domestic so that external military interference, that often
caused the majority of battle deaths, was not needed. Thus the
emergence of the long peace of East Asia is historically specific,
and cannot be generalized by studying objective, material
conditions independent of common perceptions and common
interpretations. This does not mean that the East Asian experience
is not relevant for other regions in the world, but that
generalizations should not be attempted to be drawn from the
material conditions, but rather from the lived experience and
socially constructed realities of East Asia. Since East Asia is a
spectacular case of pacification, and since it has not contributed
much to our theories of peace and conflict, The Long Peace of East
Asia is an important book for studies on peace and war.
This book is about the process and, more generally, about the
opportunities that peace research and the teaching of conflict
resolution can offer academic diplomacy. As such the book is both
an empirical and a theoretical project. While it aims at being the
most comprehensive analysis of the conflict in West Kalimantan, it
also launches a new theoretical approach, neo-pragmatism, and
offers lessons for the prevention of conflicts elsewhere. While
being based on the classical pragmatist theories of truth and
explanation, the approach developed in this book incorporates the
complications to social science theory caused by the 'discovery' of
socially constructed realities, and concepts such as speech acts.
Yet, instead of just theorizing speech acts and social constructs,
the theoretical mission is to offer pragmatic, detailed, concrete
prescriptions of what to do to deconstruct realities that threaten
peace by the means available for research and scholars of peace.
Title first published in 2003. Following the terrorist attacks of
September 11, 2001 and October 12, 2002 in the United States and on
Bali, we may be witnessing the most sweeping shift in US foreign
policy since the beginning of the cold war. America is again
committed to leading the world in a battle against a global enemy.
The US relationship with Indonesia - the country with the world's
largest Islamic population - could prove to be of decisive
importance for the success of its new global mission. Timo
KivimAki's analysis of the dynamics and background of the
US-Indonesian relationship will be essential reading for all
concerned with American Foreign Policy, Asian studies, peace
studies and conflict resolution and negotiation.
Title first published in 2003. Following the terrorist attacks of
September 11, 2001 and October 12, 2002 in the United States and on
Bali, we may be witnessing the most sweeping shift in US foreign
policy since the beginning of the cold war. America is again
committed to leading the world in a battle against a global enemy.
The US relationship with Indonesia - the country with the world's
largest Islamic population - could prove to be of decisive
importance for the success of its new global mission. Timo
KivimAki's analysis of the dynamics and background of the
US-Indonesian relationship will be essential reading for all
concerned with American Foreign Policy, Asian studies, peace
studies and conflict resolution and negotiation.
Knowledge can create peaceful realities in addition to serving as
an intellectual tool for peace-making. This is why pragmatist
assessment of social science should avoid looking exclusively at
the instrumental value of different paradigms. This book
investigates the realities that positivism, anti-determinism,
symbolic interactionism, social constructivism and critical theory
create, and the tools they offer for a peace researcher and a peace
practitioner. In essence, Paradigms of Peace looks at what social
science can give to the humanity's search for peace and then offers
an agenda for peace research.Using constructivist pragmatist
metatheory to guide the assessment of the merits of different
social science approaches to peace, this book suggests completely
new ways of looking at the theory of peace and war. Difficult
theoretical and philosophical constructs are presented but always
supplemented with real-life examples, making it practical and
relevant to both a research and policy-making level.Perfect for
students and professionals of international relations, political
science, peace and reconciliation studies, conflict and war studies
and history.
Not only is the South China Sea of strategic importance; it is also
rich in oil and other natural resources. As such, it is the subject
of overlapping territorial disputes between several East and
Southeast Asian countries as well as the scene of military tensions
and potentially dangerous conflicts. But disputes over the South
China Sea are much more complex than simply issues of military
security. Environmental values, economic security and political
developments are also involved. Spanning the full complexity of the
situation, this volume:
* covers its historical and legal background
* analyses its environmental, economic, military and political
dimensions
* assesses the potential for containing and resolving disputes as
well as transforming the structures of conflict in the region.
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