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This volume focuses on how, in Europe, the debate on the commons is
discussed in regard to historical and contemporary dimensions,
critically referencing the work of Elinor Ostrom. It also explores
from the perspective of new institutional political ecology (NIPE)
how Europe directly and indirectly affected and affects the commons
globally. Most of the research on the management of commons pool
resources is limited to dealing with one of two topics: either the
interaction between local participatory governance and development
of institutions for commons management, or a political- economy
approach that focuses on global change as it is related to the
increasingly globalised expansion of capitalist modes of
production, consumption and societal reproduction. This volume
bridges the two, addressing how global players affect the commons
worldwide and how they relate to responses emerging from within the
commons in a global- local (glocal) world. Authors from a range of
academic disciplines present research findings on recent
developments on the commons, including: historical insights; new
innovations for participatory institutions building in Europe or
several types of commons grabbing, especially in Africa related to
European investments; and restrictions on the management of commons
at the international level. European case studies are included,
providing interesting examples of local participation in commons
resource management, while simultaneously showing Europe as a
centre for globalized capitalism and its norms and values,
affecting the rest of the world, particularly developing countries.
This book will be of interest to students and researchers from a
wide range of disciplines including natural resource management,
environmental governance, political geography and environmental
history.
This volume focuses on how, in Europe, the debate on the commons is
discussed in regard to historical and contemporary dimensions,
critically referencing the work of Elinor Ostrom. It also explores
from the perspective of new institutional political ecology (NIPE)
how Europe directly and indirectly affected and affects the commons
globally. Most of the research on the management of commons pool
resources is limited to dealing with one of two topics: either the
interaction between local participatory governance and development
of institutions for commons management, or a political- economy
approach that focuses on global change as it is related to the
increasingly globalised expansion of capitalist modes of
production, consumption and societal reproduction. This volume
bridges the two, addressing how global players affect the commons
worldwide and how they relate to responses emerging from within the
commons in a global- local (glocal) world. Authors from a range of
academic disciplines present research findings on recent
developments on the commons, including: historical insights; new
innovations for participatory institutions building in Europe or
several types of commons grabbing, especially in Africa related to
European investments; and restrictions on the management of commons
at the international level. European case studies are included,
providing interesting examples of local participation in commons
resource management, while simultaneously showing Europe as a
centre for globalized capitalism and its norms and values,
affecting the rest of the world, particularly developing countries.
This book will be of interest to students and researchers from a
wide range of disciplines including natural resource management,
environmental governance, political geography and environmental
history.
How women increasingly became economic agents in early modern
Europe is the focus of this stimulating book, which highlights how
female agency was crucial for understanding the development of the
Western European economy and sheds light on economic development
today. Jan Luiten van Zanden, Tine De Moor and Sarah Carmichael
argue that over centuries a "European Marriage Pattern" developed,
characterized by high numbers of singles among men and women, high
marriage ages among men and women, and neolocality, where the
couple forms a new nuclear household and did not co-reside with the
parents of either bride or groom. This was due to the influence of
the Catholic Church's teachings of marriage based on consensus, the
rise of labor markets, and institutions concerning property
transfers between generations that enhanced wage labor by women.
Over time an unprecedented demographic regime was created and
embedded in a highly commercial environment in which households
interacted frequently with labor, capital and commodity markets.
This was one of the main causes of the gradual move away from a
Malthusian state towards an economy able to generate long-term
economic growth. The authors explore how the pattern was influenced
by and influenced female human capital formation, access to the
capital market, and participation in the labor market. They use
numerous measures of economic activity, including the unique
"Girlpower-Index" that measures the average age at first marriage
of women minus the spousal age gap, with higher absolute age at
marriage and lower spousal age gap both indicating greater female
agency and autonomy. The book also examines how this measure can
increase understanding of contemporary dynamics of women and the
economy. The authors thus shed light on the degree to which women
are allowed to play an influential role in and on the economy and
society, which varies greatly from one society to another.
One of the classic problems in social science is known as 'the
dilemma of the commons', in which land, water, and other resources
held jointly by social or economic segments tend to be depleted
sooner and to a greater extent than privately held assets. During
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, many aspects of western
European society changed fundamentally, including the abolition of
common-property rights, which in itself was related to social and
economic shifts in that same society. This book intends to put the
debate on commons, commoners, and the disappearance of both
throughout early modern and modern northwestern Europe in a new
light, through new approaches and innovative methodologies. Tine De
Moor aims to link the historical debate about the long-term
evolution of commons to the present-day debates on common-pool
resources, as well as touching upon various disciplines within the
social sciences that work on commons issues.
One of the classic problems in social science is known as 'the
dilemma of the commons', in which land, water, and other resources
held jointly by social or economic segments tend to be depleted
sooner and to a greater extent than privately held assets. During
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, many aspects of western
European society changed fundamentally, including the abolition of
common-property rights, which in itself was related to social and
economic shifts in that same society. This book intends to put the
debate on commons, commoners, and the disappearance of both
throughout early modern and modern northwestern Europe in a new
light, through new approaches and innovative methodologies. Tine De
Moor aims to link the historical debate about the long-term
evolution of commons to the present-day debates on common-pool
resources, as well as touching upon various disciplines within the
social sciences that work on commons issues.
New approaches in economic, social, labour and institutional
history have re-examined guilds - not least within the framework of
a re-appraisal of the classic distinction between the "capitalist"
and "pre-capitalist" modes of production. These fresh approaches
are unravelling the reasons why guilds were established, and why
they could maintain themselves so long. International comparisons
have fostered this rejuvenation of guild studies; awareness is
growing that guilds are not just a European phenomenon, but have
been prominent all over Northern Africa and the Middle East, as
well as in many parts of Asia, including China and Japan. This
volume attempts to set up a comparative framework to analyse the
functioning of guilds from West to East, in the period between
Classical Antiquity and the Industrial Revolution.
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