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Balancing the Commons in Switzerland outlines continuity and change
in the management of common-pool resources such as pastures and
forests in Switzerland. The book focuses on the differences and
similarities between local institutions (rules and regulations) and
forms of commoners' organisations (corporations of citizens and
corporations) which have managed common property for several
centuries and have shaped the cultural landscapes of Switzerland.
At the core of the book are five case studies from the German,
French and Italian speaking regions of Switzerland. Beginning in
the Late Middle Ages and focusing on the transformative periods in
the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it traces the internal and
external political, economic and societal changes and examines what
impact these changes had on commoners. It goes beyond the work of
Robert Netting and Elinor Ostrom, who discussed Swiss commons as a
unique case of robustness, by analysing how local commoners reacted
to, but also shaped, changes by adapting and transforming common
property institutions. Thus, the volume highlights how
institutional changes in the management of the commons at the local
level are embedded in the public policies of the respective
cantons, and the state, which generates a high heterogeneity and an
actual laboratory situation. It shows the power relations and very
different routes that local collective organisations and their
members have followed in order to cope with the loss of value of
the commons and the increased workload for maintaining common
property management. Providing insightful case studies of commons
management, this volume delivers theoretical contributions and
lessons to be learned for the commons worldwide. This book will be
of great interest to students and scholars of the commons, natural
resource management and agricultural development.
deals with contemporary challenges and new developments in the
dryland regions of Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia
interlinked topics and dimensions are explored in this book,
following an introduction and an historical chapter that focuses on
pre-colonial contexts and colonial legacies The experiences and
agency of dryland people in the face of change will also be
explored in unexpected spaces of contestation and innovation that
have hitherto remained understudied This volume will be of great
interest to students and scholars of natural resource management,
land and resource grabbing, natural resource conflicts, political
ecology and sustainable development.
Balancing the Commons in Switzerland outlines continuity and change
in the management of common-pool resources such as pastures and
forests in Switzerland. The book focuses on the differences and
similarities between local institutions (rules and regulations) and
forms of commoners' organisations (corporations of citizens and
corporations) which have managed common property for several
centuries and have shaped the cultural landscapes of Switzerland.
At the core of the book are five case studies from the German,
French and Italian speaking regions of Switzerland. Beginning in
the Late Middle Ages and focusing on the transformative periods in
the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it traces the internal and
external political, economic and societal changes and examines what
impact these changes had on commoners. It goes beyond the work of
Robert Netting and Elinor Ostrom, who discussed Swiss commons as a
unique case of robustness, by analysing how local commoners reacted
to, but also shaped, changes by adapting and transforming common
property institutions. Thus, the volume highlights how
institutional changes in the management of the commons at the local
level are embedded in the public policies of the respective
cantons, and the state, which generates a high heterogeneity and an
actual laboratory situation. It shows the power relations and very
different routes that local collective organisations and their
members have followed in order to cope with the loss of value of
the commons and the increased workload for maintaining common
property management. Providing insightful case studies of commons
management, this volume delivers theoretical contributions and
lessons to be learned for the commons worldwide. This book will be
of great interest to students and scholars of the commons, natural
resource management and agricultural development.
This volume focuses on how, in Europe, the debate on the commons is
discussed in regard to historical and contemporary dimensions,
critically referencing the work of Elinor Ostrom. It also explores
from the perspective of new institutional political ecology (NIPE)
how Europe directly and indirectly affected and affects the commons
globally. Most of the research on the management of commons pool
resources is limited to dealing with one of two topics: either the
interaction between local participatory governance and development
of institutions for commons management, or a political- economy
approach that focuses on global change as it is related to the
increasingly globalised expansion of capitalist modes of
production, consumption and societal reproduction. This volume
bridges the two, addressing how global players affect the commons
worldwide and how they relate to responses emerging from within the
commons in a global- local (glocal) world. Authors from a range of
academic disciplines present research findings on recent
developments on the commons, including: historical insights; new
innovations for participatory institutions building in Europe or
several types of commons grabbing, especially in Africa related to
European investments; and restrictions on the management of commons
at the international level. European case studies are included,
providing interesting examples of local participation in commons
resource management, while simultaneously showing Europe as a
centre for globalized capitalism and its norms and values,
affecting the rest of the world, particularly developing countries.
This book will be of interest to students and researchers from a
wide range of disciplines including natural resource management,
environmental governance, political geography and environmental
history.
This volume focuses on how, in Europe, the debate on the commons is
discussed in regard to historical and contemporary dimensions,
critically referencing the work of Elinor Ostrom. It also explores
from the perspective of new institutional political ecology (NIPE)
how Europe directly and indirectly affected and affects the commons
globally. Most of the research on the management of commons pool
resources is limited to dealing with one of two topics: either the
interaction between local participatory governance and development
of institutions for commons management, or a political- economy
approach that focuses on global change as it is related to the
increasingly globalised expansion of capitalist modes of
production, consumption and societal reproduction. This volume
bridges the two, addressing how global players affect the commons
worldwide and how they relate to responses emerging from within the
commons in a global- local (glocal) world. Authors from a range of
academic disciplines present research findings on recent
developments on the commons, including: historical insights; new
innovations for participatory institutions building in Europe or
several types of commons grabbing, especially in Africa related to
European investments; and restrictions on the management of commons
at the international level. European case studies are included,
providing interesting examples of local participation in commons
resource management, while simultaneously showing Europe as a
centre for globalized capitalism and its norms and values,
affecting the rest of the world, particularly developing countries.
This book will be of interest to students and researchers from a
wide range of disciplines including natural resource management,
environmental governance, political geography and environmental
history.
This book is a result of the Defragmenting African Resources
Management (DARMA) Project. Lake Kariba - located along the border
between Zambia and Zimbabwe - and its environs are a complex
transboundary ecosystem with multiple, competing, and often
contested resource uses. The book describes the current sectoral
approach to natural resource management, the interconnections, and
the need to adopt an ecosystem approach. It will be essential
reading for students, researchers, academics, and managers in the
environmental and natural resources sectors interested in advancing
the ecosystems approach to the management of commons in general,
and Southern Africa in particular. (Series: Defragmenting African
Resource Management (DARMA) - Vol. 2)
Intercultural, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary research
interfaces confront researchers with considerable challenges.
Towards Shared Research portrays how scholars from different
disciplinary and geographical origins and at various academic
career stages strive for a more inclusive and better understanding
of knowledge about African environments. The book is addressed to
researchers, facilitators, and policy-makers to make a case for
participatory and integrative approaches resulting in systemic and
co-created analyses.
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich Politik -
Internationale Politik - Thema: Globalisierung, pol. Okonomie,
Note: 3,0, Freie Universitat Berlin (Otto-Suhr-Institut),
Veranstaltung: Theorien der Internationalen Politischen Okonomie
(Hauptseminar), Sprache: Deutsch, Anmerkungen: Meine Bachelorarbeit
bezieht sich auf eine Seminarsitzung aus einem Hauptseminar fur
Masterstudenten mit dem Titel: Theorien der Internationalen
Politischen Okonomie (Hauptseminar). Benotung: - Erstgutachter: 3.3
- Zweitgutachter: 2.7, Abstract: Regulation findet in unserem
Sprachgebrauch mehrere Bedeutungen: Einstellen, Normierung,
Nachstellen und viele mehr. Die Verwendungen fur den Begriff sind
vieldeutig und bezeichnen Regulation als Schnitt- und
Schaltzentrale bestehender Verhaltnisse, die aufgrund von
unterschiedlichen Krafteverhaltnissen einer standigen
Transformation unterzogen sind. Lassen wir uns dies anhand eines
einfachen Beispiels erklaren: In einem Spiel treten zwei
Mannschaften gegeneinander an. Beide Mannschaften sind an Regeln
gebunden, damit das Spiel nicht durch beliebige Entscheidungen der
jeweiligen Mannschaft in ein ungleiches Verhaltnis treten kann. Ein
Schiedsrichter hat die Aufgabe sicherzustellen, dass beide
Mannschaften diese Regeln befolgen und kann unrechtmassiges
Verhalten sanktionieren. Mittels seiner Entscheidungen tragt ein
Schiedsrichter zu einem nahezu reibungslosen Ablauf des Spiels bei.
Unterschiedliche Krafteverhaltnisse kann ein Schiedsrichter nicht
beeinflussen, aber zugunsten beider Mannschaften beurteilen und
durch Entscheidungen nachstellen, einstellen und normieren. Dabei
treten im Laufe eines Spiels beide Mannschaften in ein
Abhangigkeitsverhaltnis, das durch einen Schiedsrichter beobachtet
und notfalls, bedingt durch aussere Einflusse, abgebrochen wird.
Institutionen tragen dazu bei, dass solche Spiele ausgetragen
werden und beteiligen sich in Form von Eingliederung in hohere
Bundnisse daran, dass der Transfer- und Wissensaustaus
The Contested Floodplain tells the story of institutional changes
in the management of common pool resources (pasture, wildlife, and
fisheries) among Ila and Balundwe agro-pastoralists and Batwa
fishermen in the Kafue Flats, in southern Zambia. It explains how
and why a once rich floodplain area, managed under local common
property regimes, becomes a poor man's place and a degraded
resource area. Based on social anthropological field research, the
book explains how well working institutions in the past, regulating
communal access to resources, have turned into state property and
open access or privatization. As a basis for analysis, the author
uses Elinor Ostrom's design principles for well working
institutions and the approach of the New Institutionalism by Jean
Ensminger. The latter approach focuses on external factors and
change in relative prices. It explains how local actors face
changing bargaining power and use different ideologies to
legitimize and shape resource use regulations. The study focuses on
the historic developments taking place since pre-colonial and
colonial times up to today. Haller shows how the commons had been
well regulated by local institutions in the past, often embedded in
religious belief systems. He then explains the transformation from
common property to state property since colonial times. When the
state is unable to provide well functioning institutions due to a
lack in financial income, it contributes to de facto open access
and degradation of the commons. The Zambian copper-based economy
has faced crisis since 1975, and many Zambians have to look for
economic alternatives and find ways to profit from the lack of
state control (a paradox of the present-absent state). And while
the state is absent, external actors use the ideology of
citizenship to justify free use of resources during conflicts with
local people. Also within Zambian communities, floodplain resources
are highly contested, which is illustrated through conflicts over a
proposed irrigation scheme in the area. The different actors and
interest groups use ideologies such as citizenship vs. being
indigenous, ethnic identity vs. class conflict, and modernity vs
traditional way of life to legitimize land claims.
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