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This open access book presents novel theoretical, empirical and
experimental work exploring the nature of mental representations
that support natural language production and understanding, and
other manifestations of cognition. One fundamental question raised
in the text is whether requisite knowledge structures can be
adequately modeled by means of a uniform representational format,
and if so, what exactly is its nature. Frames are a key topic
covered which have had a strong impact on the exploration of
knowledge representations in artificial intelligence, psychology
and linguistics; cascades are a novel development in frame theory.
Other key subject areas explored are: concepts and categorization,
the experimental investigation of mental representation, as well as
cognitive analysis in semantics. This book is of interest to
students, researchers, and professionals working on cognition in
the fields of linguistics, philosophy, and psychology.
We make many decisions every day. Some of them are smart, but
others are less clever and actually result in undesirable
consequences. Everyone trying to live a better lifestyle with more
physical exercise and healthier nutrition knows how lacking
self-control and succumbing to the temptation of that yummy piece
of chocolate cake can lead to decisions that are not consistent
with the overall plan of a better health. Why do we make such
decisions? The newly emerging field of neuroeconomics is an
interdisciplinary domain in which scientists from many different
backgrounds work in concert to unravel the neurobiological
processes underlying decision making. This book presents an
overview about the psychology, economics and neurobiology of making
choices. It focuses on two particular aspects - intertemporal
decisions (choices between outcomes that are realised at different
times in the future) and action control (regulating one's own
behaviour to exercise, for example, self-control) - and their
representation in the brain of an animal model: the pigeon. The
book is written in a simple and easy-to-understand way and will be
appealing to neuroscientists and interested lay people alike.
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