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The contributions in this volume are focused on the historical
origins, religious provenance, and social function of ancient
Jewish and Christian apocalyptic literature, including so-called
'Gnostic' writings. Although it is disputed whether there was a
genre of 'apocalyptic literature,' it is obvious that numerous
texts from ancient Judaism, early Christianity, and other religious
milieus share a specific view of history and the world to come.
Many of these writings are presented in form of a heavenly (divine)
revelation, mediated through an otherworldly figure (like an angel)
to an elected human being who discloses this revelation to his
recipients in written form. In different strands of early Judaism,
ancient Christianity as well as in Gnosticism, Manichaeism, and
Islam, apocalyptic writings played an important role from early on
and were produced also in later centuries. One of the most
characteristic features of these texts is their specific
interpretation of history, based on the knowledge about the upper,
divine realm and the world to come. Against this background the
volume deals with a wide range of apocalyptic texts from different
periods and various religious backgrounds.
The second century CE has often been described as a kind of dark
period with regard to our knowledge of how the earliest Christian
writings (the gospels and Paul's letters) were transmitted and
gradually came to be accepted as authoritative and then, later on,
as "canonical". At the same time a number of other Christian texts,
of various genres, saw the light. Some of these seem to be familiar
with the gospels, or perhaps rather with gospel traditions
identical or similar to those that found their way into the NT
gospels. The volume focuses on representative texts and authors of
the time in order to see how they have struggled to find a way to
work with the NT gospels and/or the traditions behind these, while
at the same time giving a place also to other extra-canonical
traditions. It studies in a comparative way the reception of
identifiably "canonical" and of extra-canonical traditions in the
second century. It aims at discovering patterns or strategies of
reception within the at first sight often rather chaotic way some
of these ancient authors have cited or used these traditions. And
it will look for explanations of why it took such a while before
authors got used to cite gospel texts (more or less) accurately.
The second century CE has often been described as a kind of dark
period with regard to our knowledge of how the earliest Christian
writings (the gospels and Paul's letters) were transmitted and
gradually came to be accepted as authoritative and then, later on,
as "canonical". At the same time a number of other Christian texts,
of various genres, saw the light. Some of these seem to be familiar
with the gospels, or perhaps rather with gospel traditions
identical or similar to those that found their way into the NT
gospels. The volume focuses on representative texts and authors of
the time in order to see how they have struggled to find a way to
work with the NT gospels and/or the traditions behind these, while
at the same time giving a place also to other extra-canonical
traditions. It studies in a comparative way the reception of
identifiably "canonical" and of extra-canonical traditions in the
second century. It aims at discovering patterns or strategies of
reception within the at first sight often rather chaotic way some
of these ancient authors have cited or used these traditions. And
it will look for explanations of why it took such a while before
authors got used to cite gospel texts (more or less) accurately.
The impact of earlier works to the literature of early Judaism is
an intensively researched topic in contemporary scholarship. This
volume is based on an international conference held at the
Sapientia College of Theology in Budapest, May 18 21, 2010. The
contributors explore scriptural authority in early Jewish
literature and the writings of nascent Christianity. They study the
impact of earlier literature in the formulation of theological
concepts and books of the Second Temple Period."
The impact of earlier works to the literature of early Judaism is
an intensively researched topic in contemporary scholarship. This
volume is based on an international conference held at the
Sapientia College of Theology in Budapest,May 18 -21, 2010. The
contributors explore scriptural authority in early Jewish
literature and the writings of nascent Christianity. They study the
impact of earlier literature in the formulation of theological
concepts and books of the Second Temple Period.
As environmental destruction begins to seriously affect humans, it
has become increasingly relevant to reflect on the essential
elements of the Jewish and Christian theologies of creation. The
essays in this volume explore key aspects of creation theology,
which poses the question of the origin of the world and of man.
Creation theology is rooted in the concept of man who owes his
existence to God and who is placed in a cosmos which God created as
"good." At the same time, the essays show that even back in
antiquity, the creation discussion held high potential for
ideological criticism.
The remarkably complex textual traditions of the Acts of the
Apostles reflect the theological developments and socio-cultural
framework of early Christianity. The present volume contains
studies of textual witnesses, textual traditions and translations
of the Acts. They do not only focus on the traditions which occur
in the manuscripts, or on the theological tendencies of the major
ancient versions and their reception in the Early Church, but also
consider the relevance of mostly neglected witnesses such as
amuletts and tablets, and the relationship between the ancient
translators and Jewish exegetical traditions.
The phenomenon of martyrdom is more than 2000 years old but, as
contemporary events show, still very much alive. Martyrdom:
Canonisation, Contestation and Afterlives examines the
canonisation, contestation and afterlives of martyrdom and connects
these with cross-cultural acts and practices of remembrance.
Martyrdom appeals to the imagination of many because it is a highly
ambiguous spectacle with thrilling deadly consequences. Imagination
is thus a vital catalyst for martyrdom, for martyrs become martyrs
only because others remember and honour them as such. This
memorialisation occurs through rituals and documents that
incorporate and re-interpret traditions deriving from canonical
texts. The canonisation of martyrdom generally occurs in one of two
ways: First, through ritual commemoration by communities of inside
readers, listeners, viewers and participants, who create and
recycle texts, re-interpreting them until the martyrs ultimately
receive a canonical status, or second, through commemoration as a
means of contestation by competing communities who perceive these
same people as traitors or terrorists. By adopting an
interdisciplinary orientation and a cross-cultural approach, this
book goes beyond both the insider admiration of martyrs and the
partisan rejection of martyrdoms and concisely synthesises key
interpretive questions and themes that broach the canonised,
unstable and contested representations of martyrdom as well as
their analytical connections, divergences and afterlives in the
present.
In very different ways the writings of the New Testament have
shaped cultures until today. The Novum Testamentum Patristicum
project will give a full documentation of ancient Christian
receptions of the New Testament in late antiquity. This volume
focuses on the different mainly narrative receptions of New
Testament texts in ancient Christian apocryphal literature. While
it has been accepted for a long time that apocryphal writings
mainly wanted to fill the gaps of New Testament texts in more or
less fantastic ways, the articles in this volume discover a rich
and very different variety of re-writings, relectures, and
receptions of New Testament texts, motifs and ideas.
Das Evangelium nach Petrus gehoert zu den faszinierendsten
apokryphen Texten des 2. Jahrhunderts. Die Arbeiten des
vorliegenden Bandes beschaftigen sich mit der Frage nach der
Rekonstruktion seines Textes und damit verbundenen philologischen
Fragen, nach den moeglichen Kontexten seiner Entstehung und nach
Intertexten, die fur seine Interpretation bedeutsam werden koennen.
Dabei gelingen zum Teil uberraschende, zum Teil kontroverse
Einsichten in die Theologie dieses Textes.
While the so-called "New perspective in Paul" has been in the focus
of New Testament exegesis for more than 25 years now, ancient
interpretations of Pauline texts and ideas have been neglected
widely. The present volume aims to fill this gap. Its articles
concentrate on three different foci of modern exegesis:
interpretations of Paul's conversion, his ideas about the relation
of "grace" and "works" and the fate of Israel. Several additional
articles contrast these ancient perspectives with answers of modern
exegesis.
"This is a stimulating work, engaging with those 'uncomfortable'
violent texts in the Apocalypse, and detailing the reception of the
work in later commentaries and in liturgy and art. The later
reflections, from both East and West, are insightful, and the
authors combine exegetical analysis with the critical importance of
locating works within their social and political contexts...Highly
recommended. -- Mark Finney, Journal for the Study of the New
Testament The Apocalypse of John belongs to the most puzzling texts
of the New Testament. Historical-critical exegesis has been
stressing that the book above all wishes to give a message of hope
and comfort for a community under threat. Yet readers have also
always been impressed and terrified by the many images of violence,
including war, destruction, persecution and martyrdom, and the
appearance of the devil and his demons. This book does not allow
its readers to remain neutral. The present volume offers the
proceedings of a conference that was held in Leuven, Belgium, in
September 2009 and was organised by the general editors of the
Novum Testamentum Patristicum. The conference focused on how early
Christian and Patristic authors have coped with all these many
passages that deal with various sorts of violence. The volume
contains essays on most of the important commentators, Origen,
Tyconius, Lactance, Victorin of Pettau, and those of a somewhat
later age, Andreas of Caesarea, Oecumenius, and Bede, but also
looks at the reception history on a larger scale. It also deals
with issues of method in reading the Book of Revelation, with
important themes (the 1000-year reign), the Jewish background of
some of these motifs, and the reception of Patristic thought in the
most important medieval commentator of the book, Joachim of Fiore.
The book presents diplomatic transcriptions (in Greek) and
translations (in German and English) of all the known textual
fragments which can be attributed to what is known as the Gospel of
Peter and the Apocalypse of Peter or which scholars are discussing
as possible elements of these texts. In addition, the documentation
of the texts in ancient times is considered, and there is a brief
discussion of the philological problems involved. With
concordances.
The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Apocrypha addresses issues
and themes that arise in the study of early Christian apocryphal
literature. It discusses key texts including the Gospel of Thomas,
the Gospel of Mary, the Gospel of Peter, letters attributed to
Paul, Peter, and Jesus, and acts and apocalypses written about or
attributed to different apostles. Part One consists of
authoritative surveys of the main branches of apocryphal literature
(gospels, acts, epistles, apocalypses, and related literature) and
Part Two considers key issues that they raise. These include their
contribution to our understanding of developing theological
understandings of Jesus, the apostles and other important figures
such as Mary. It also addresses the value of these texts as
potential sources for knowledge of the historical Jesus, and for
debates about Jewish-Christian relations, the practice of Christian
worship, and developing understandings of asceticism, gender and
sexuality, etc. The volume also considers questions such as which
ancient readers read early Christian apocrypha, their place in
Christian spirituality, and their place in contemporary popular
culture and contemporary theological discourse.
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