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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume
shares new data relating to Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA), with
emphasis on experiences in Eastern and Southern Africa. The book is
a collection of research by authors from over 30 institutions,
spanning the public and private sectors, with specific knowledge on
agricultural development in the region discussed. The material is
assembled to answer key questions on the following five topic
areas: (1) Climate impacts: What are the most significant current
and near future climate risks undermining smallholder livelihoods?
(2) Varieties: How can climate-smart varieties be delivered quickly
and cost-effectively to smallholders? (3) Farm management: What are
key lessons on the contributions from soil and water management to
climate risk reduction and how should interventions be prioritized?
(4) Value chains: How can climate risks to supply and value chains
be reduced? and (5) Scaling up: How can most promising climate
risks reduction strategies be quickly scaled up and what are
critical success factors? Readers who will be interested in this
book include students, policy makers, and researchers studying
climate change impacts on agriculture and agricultural
sustainability.
This book provides standards and guidelines for quantifying
greenhouse gas emissions and removals in smallholder agricultural
systems and comparing options for climate change mitigation based
on emission reductions and livelihood trade-offs. Globally,
agriculture is directly responsible for about 11% of annual
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and induces an additional 17%
through land use change, mostly in developing countries. Farms in
the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are
predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings
smaller than ten hectares. However, little to no information exists
on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potentials in
smallholder agriculture. Greenhouse gas measurements in agriculture
are expensive, time consuming, and error prone, challenges only
exacerbated by the heterogeneity of smallholder systems and
landscapes. Concerns over methodological rigor, measurement costs,
and the diversity of approaches, coupled with the demand for robust
information suggest it is germane for the scientific community to
establish standards of measurements for quantifying GHG emissions
from smallholder agriculture. Standard guidelines for use by
scientists, development organizations will help generate reliable
data on emissions baselines and allow rigorous comparisons of
mitigation options. The guidelines described in this book,
developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change,
Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) and partners, are intended
to inform anyone conducting field measurements of agricultural
greenhouse gas sources and sinks, especially to develop IPCC Tier 2
emission factors or to compare mitigation options in smallholder
systems.
This book provides standards and guidelines for quantifying
greenhouse gas emissions and removals in smallholder agricultural
systems and comparing options for climate change mitigation based
on emission reductions and livelihood trade-offs. Globally,
agriculture is directly responsible for about 11% of annual
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and induces an additional 17%
through land use change, mostly in developing countries. Farms in
the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are
predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings
smaller than ten hectares. However, little to no information exists
on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potentials in
smallholder agriculture. Greenhouse gas measurements in agriculture
are expensive, time consuming, and error prone, challenges only
exacerbated by the heterogeneity of smallholder systems and
landscapes. Concerns over methodological rigor, measurement costs,
and the diversity of approaches, coupled with the demand for robust
information suggest it is germane for the scientific community to
establish standards of measurements for quantifying GHG emissions
from smallholder agriculture. Standard guidelines for use by
scientists, development organizations will help generate reliable
data on emissions baselines and allow rigorous comparisons of
mitigation options. The guidelines described in this book,
developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change,
Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) and partners, are intended
to inform anyone conducting field measurements of agricultural
greenhouse gas sources and sinks, especially to develop IPCC Tier 2
emission factors or to compare mitigation options in smallholder
systems.
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