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This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC
BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford
Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and
selected open access locations. The Politics of Distributing Social
Transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia provides a
systematic analysis of the political processes shaping the
distribution of social transfers in six countries in Sub-Saharan
Africa and South Asia. In doing so, the book addresses a notable
gap in recent research on social protection concerning the politics
of implementation. While considerable attention has been devoted to
debating the merits of different policy designs and the political
factors shaping the adoption and diffusion of different policy
models, ultimately the ability of any social transfer programme to
deliver on its promises is dependent on the effective
implementation and distribution of social transfers in line with
intended objectives. The chapters in this book examine
international and sub-national variation in programme
implementation in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nepal, and
Rwanda, drawing on a common analytical framework that highlights
the importance of state capacity and reach, rooted in histories of
state formation, and contemporary political competition in shaping
the distribution of social transfers. Comparative analysis of the
case studies supports the view that variation in the capacity and
reach of the state within countries is a centrally important factor
shaping the effectiveness and impartiality of distribution. Yet
state capacity alone is insufficient. Rather political competition
and power relations shape how this capacity is actually deployed in
practice. As such, the book underscores the inherently political
nature of implementation and questions common technocratic efforts
to improve implementation by de-politicizing the social protection
policy process.
The notion that social protection should be a key strategy for
reducing poverty in developing countries has now been mainstreamed
within international development policy and practice. Promoted as
an integral dimension of the post-Washington Consensus all major
international development agencies and bilateral donors now include
a strong focus on social protection in their advocacy and
programmatic interventions and a commitment to providing social
protection was recently enshrined within the Sustainable
Development Goals. The rhetoric around social protection,
particularly when delivered in the form of cash transfers, has
sometimes reached hyperbolic proportions with advocates seeing it
as a magic bullet that can tackle multi-dimensional problems of
poverty, vulnerability, and inequality and a southern-led success
story that challenges the unequal power relations inherent within
international aid. The Politics of Social Protection in Eastern and
Southern Africa challenges the common conception that this
phenomenon has been entirely driven by international development
agencies, instead focusing on the critical role of political
dynamics within specific African countries. It details how the
power and politics at multiple levels of governance shapes the
extent to which political elites are committed to social
protection, the form that this commitment takes, and the
implications that this has for future welfare regimes and
state-citizen relations in Africa. It reveals how international
pressures only take hold when they become aligned with the
incentives and ideas of ruling elites in particular contexts. It
shows how elections, the politics of clientelism, political
ideologies, and elite perceptions all play powerful roles in
shaping when countries adopt social protection and at what levels,
which groups receive benefits, and how programmes are delivered.
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