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Questioning what shelter is and how we can define it, this volume
brings together essays on different forms of refugee shelter, with
a view to widening public understanding about the lives of forced
migrants and developing theoretical understanding of this
oft-neglected facet of the refugee experience. Drawing on a range
of disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, law,
architecture, and history, each of the chapters describes a
particular shelter and uses this to open up theoretical reflections
on the relationship between architecture, place, politics, design
and displacement.
Questioning what shelter is and how we can define it, this volume
brings together essays on different forms of refugee shelter, with
a view to widening public understanding about the lives of forced
migrants and developing theoretical understanding of this
oft-neglected facet of the refugee experience. Drawing on a range
of disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, law,
architecture, and history, each of the chapters describes a
particular shelter and uses this to open up theoretical reflections
on the relationship between architecture, place, politics, design
and displacement.
On an Empty Stomach examines the practical techniques humanitarians
have used to manage and measure starvation, from Victorian
"scientific" soup kitchens to space-age, high-protein foods.
Tracing the evolution of these techniques since the start of the
nineteenth century, Tom Scott-Smith argues that humanitarianism is
not a simple story of progress and improvement, but rather is
profoundly shaped by sociopolitical conditions. Aid is often
presented as an apolitical and technical project, but the way
humanitarians conceive and tackle human needs has always been
deeply influenced by culture, politics, and society. Txhese
influences extend down to the most detailed mechanisms for
measuring malnutrition and providing sustenance. As Scott-Smith
shows, over the past century, the humanitarian approach to hunger
has redefined food as nutrients and hunger as a medical condition.
Aid has become more individualized, medicalized, and rationalized,
shaped by modernism in bureaucracy, commerce, and food technology.
On an Empty Stomach focuses on the gains and losses that result,
examining the complex compromises that arise between efficiency of
distribution and quality of care. Scott-Smith concludes that
humanitarian groups have developed an approach to the empty stomach
that is dependent on compact, commercially produced devices and is
often paternalistic and culturally insensitive.
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