Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

The B-minor Mass has always represented a fascinating challenge to musical scholarship. Composed over the course of Johann Sebastian Bach's life, it is considered by many to be the composer's greatest and most complex work. The fourteen essays assembled in this volume originate from the International Symposium 'Understanding Bach's B-minor mass' at which scholars from eighteen countries gathered to debate the latest topics in the field. In revised and updated form, they comprise a thorough and systematic study of Bach's Opus Ultimum, including a wide range of discussions relating to the Mass's historical background and contexts, structure and proportion, sources and editions, and the reception of the work in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In the light of important new developments in the study of the piece, this collection demonstrates the innovation and rigour for which Bach scholarship has become known.

This book presents current research on mobile Internet society. Past research was not able to show a clear analytical framework, thus was unable to close in on the fundamental changes in that society. This book, however, analyzes mobile Internet society by introducing the concept of "doubling of time and place" and the analytical framework of the "second offline." The emergence of the smartphone has made Internet use easier, and now, people are constantly using online information in the midst of their daily lives. Our society is transitioning from the first offline society, a society without being connected to Internet, to the second offline society, where users are connected to the Internet at all times. In this second offline society, our sense of time and place are beginning to change. Broadcast and communication media have made possible the overlapping of different places, which has been called the doubling of place. Furthermore, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies have enabled the overlap of different times, which this book calls the doubling of time. The smartphone makes both possible. With the second offline and the doubling of time and place as keywords, the book takes into consideration research that includes, among other topics, the media usage of young adults, selfies, education, social media usage, mobile games, work stations, and consumer activity in the mobile Internet society.

Because stroke is essentially a disease of the vessels and blood flow, the most fundamental aspects of ischemic blood flow in the brain are under investigation by researchers. Their work was the focus of the sixth in the series of Keio University International Symposia for Life Sciences and Medicine, held in Tokyo in 1999. Selected here are 55 papers from the symposium, covering the buffy coat (glycocalyx) of endothelial cells, the blood-brain barrier and permeability, gene expression, vascular reactivity, dysregulation, inflammatory deterioration, cortical spreading depression, edema, microvascular derangement, and pathology, in ten major sections. The book includes the thought-provoking discussions that followed the presentations, thus providing an invaluable source of up-to-date information not only for researchers investigating microcirculation but also for clinicians implementing the most effective treatment for stroke patients.

Metabolism is the sum of the chemical reactions in cells that produce life-sustaining chemical energy and metabolites. In the post-genome era, metabolism has taken on new significance for biological scientists: metabolites are the chemical basis of phenotypes that are final expressions of genomic information. This book covers research on metabolomics, ranging from the development of specialized chemical analytical techniques to the construction of databases and methods for metabolic simulation. The authors have been directly involved in the development of all the subject areas, including capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, metabolic databases, and metabolic simulation. Breakthrough achievements and the future of metabolome studies are described, making this book a valuable source for researchers in metabolomics in diverse fields, such as plant, animal, cellular, microbial, pharmaceutical, medical, and genetic sciences.

This book presents theories and techniques for perception of textures by computer. Texture is a homogeneous visual pattern that we perceive in surfaces of objects such as textiles, tree barks or stones. Texture analysis is one of the first important steps in computer vision since texture provides important cues to recognize real-world objects. A major part of the book is devoted to two-dimensional analysis of texture patterns by extracting statistical and structural features. It also deals with the shape-from-texture problem which addresses recovery of the three-dimensional surface shapes based on the geometry of projection of the surface texture to the image plane. Perception is still largely mysterious. Realizing a computer vision system that can work in the real world requires more research and ex periment. Capability of textural perception is a key component. We hope this book will contribute to the advancement of computer vision toward robust, useful systems. vVe would like to express our appreciation to Professor Takeo Kanade at Carnegie Mellon University for his encouragement and help in writing this book; to the members of Computer Vision Section at Electrotechni cal Laboratory for providing an excellent research environment; and to Carl W. Harris at Kluwer Academic Publishers for his help in preparing the manuscript."

A sequel to Tomita's A Bibliographical Catalogue of Italian Books Printed in England 1558-1603, this volume provides the data for the succeeding 40 years (during the reign of King James I and Charles I) and contributes to the study of Anglo-Italian relations in literature through entries on 187 Italian books (335 editions) printed in England. The Catalogue starts with the books published immediately after the death of Queen Elizabeth I on 24 March 1603, and ends in 1642 with the closing of English theatres. It also contains 45 Elizabethan books (75 editions), which did not feature in the previous volume. Formatted along the lines of Mary Augusta Scott's Elizabethan Translations from the Italian (1916), and adopting Philip Gaskell's scientific method of bibliographical description, this volume provides reliable and comprehensive information about books and their publication, viewed in a general perspective of Anglo-Italian transactions in Jacobean and part of Caroline England.

Through entries on 291 Italian books (451 editions) published in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, covering the years 1558-1603, this catalogue represents a summary of current research and knowledge of diffusion of Italian culture on English literature in this period. It also provides a foundation for new work on Anglo-Italian relations in Elizabethan England. Mary Augusta Scott's 1916 Elizabethan Translations from the Italian forms the basis for the catalogue; Soko Tomita adds 59 new books and eliminates 23 of Scott's original entries. The information here is presented in a user-friendly and uncluttered manner, guided by Philip Gaskell's principles of bibliographical description; the volume includes bibliographical descriptions, tables, graphs, images, and two indices (general and title). In an attempt to restore each book to its original status, each entry is concerned not only with the physical book, but with the human elements guiding it through production: the relationship with the author, editor, translator, publisher, book-seller, and patron are all recounted as important players in the exploration of cultural significance. Renaissance Anglo-Italian relations were marked by both patriotism and xenophobia; this catalogue provides reliable and comprehensive information about books and publication as well as concrete evidence of what elements of Italian culture the English responded to and how Italian culture was acclimatized into Elizabethan England.

The Jazz Rhythm Section introduces the basics of this very important part of the jazz ensemble. They are the foundation of any jazz group, so improving the rhythm section will result in a stronger sounding band. This book is intended to be a practical guide with chapters on each of the primary instruments in the rhythm section: bass, drums, piano and guitar. Key topics include: Equipment and setup issues: from drum heads to bass amps to guitar pickups to mic'ing a piano on stage, each instrument presents unique equipment issues that the director must face. Performance practice: including tips on constructing walking bass lines, learning voicings and comping rhythms and creating drummer's setup fills. Additionally, there is a chapter on the rhythm section itself that details all of the inter-relationships, suggestions for count-offs and metronome exercises that will help improve your band. The Jazz Rhythm Section is intended for novice directors, but directors of all levels will benefit as well.

The Generalized LR parsing algorithm (some call it "Tomita's algorithm") was originally developed in 1985 as a part of my Ph.D thesis at Carnegie Mellon University. When I was a graduate student at CMU, I tried to build a couple of natural language systems based on existing parsing methods. Their parsing speed, however, always bothered me. I sometimes wondered whether it was ever possible to build a natural language parser that could parse reasonably long sentences in a reasonable time without help from large mainframe machines. At the same time, I was always amazed by the speed of programming language compilers, because they can parse very long sentences (i.e., programs) very quickly even on workstations. There are two reasons. First, programming languages are considerably simpler than natural languages. And secondly, they have very efficient parsing methods, most notably LR. The LR parsing algorithm first precompiles a grammar into an LR parsing table, and at the actual parsing time, it performs shift-reduce parsing guided deterministically by the parsing table. So, the key to the LR efficiency is the grammar precompilation; something that had never been tried for natural languages in 1985. Of course, there was a good reason why LR had never been applied for natural languages; it was simply impossible. If your context-free grammar is sufficiently more complex than programming languages, its LR parsing table will have multiple actions, and deterministic parsing will be no longer possible.

Parsing Efficiency is crucial when building practical natural language systems. 'Ibis is especially the case for interactive systems such as natural language database access, interfaces to expert systems and interactive machine translation. Despite its importance, parsing efficiency has received little attention in the area of natural language processing. In the areas of compiler design and theoretical computer science, on the other hand, parsing algorithms 3 have been evaluated primarily in terms of the theoretical worst case analysis (e.g. lXn", and very few practical comparisons have been made. This book introduces a context-free parsing algorithm that parses natural language more efficiently than any other existing parsing algorithms in practice. Its feasibility for use in practical systems is being proven in its application to Japanese language interface at Carnegie Group Inc., and to the continuous speech recognition project at Carnegie-Mellon University. This work was done while I was pursuing a Ph.D degree at Carnegie-Mellon University. My advisers, Herb Simon and Jaime Carbonell, deserve many thanks for their unfailing support, advice and encouragement during my graduate studies. I would like to thank Phil Hayes and Ralph Grishman for their helpful comments and criticism that in many ways improved the quality of this book. I wish also to thank Steven Brooks for insightful comments on theoretical aspects of the book (chapter 4, appendices A, B and C), and Rich Thomason for improving the linguistic part of tile book (the very beginning of section 1.1).

Through entries on 291 Italian books (451 editions) published in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, covering the years 1558-1603, this catalogue represents a summary of current research and knowledge of diffusion of Italian culture on English literature in this period. It also provides a foundation for new work on Anglo-Italian relations in Elizabethan England. Mary Augusta Scott's 1916 Elizabethan Translations from the Italian forms the basis for the catalogue; Soko Tomita adds 59 new books and eliminates 23 of Scott's original entries. The information here is presented in a user-friendly and uncluttered manner, guided by Philip Gaskell's principles of bibliographical description; the volume includes bibliographical descriptions, tables, graphs, images, and two indices (general and title). In an attempt to restore each book to its original status, each entry is concerned not only with the physical book, but with the human elements guiding it through production: the relationship with the author, editor, translator, publisher, book-seller, and patron are all recounted as important players in the exploration of cultural significance. Renaissance Anglo-Italian relations were marked by both patriotism and xenophobia; this catalogue provides reliable and comprehensive information about books and publication as well as concrete evidence of what elements of Italian culture the English responded to and how Italian culture was acclimatized into Elizabethan England.

Introducing Zom-BL! A truck pulls into a sleepy roadside diner. In it a pair of young men argue over something before stepping into the restaurant for some grub and some assistance. Apparently their car is having engine trouble and they need a new car battery. The cook offers his used battery and hands one of them the keys to his car before he starts preparing a pair of chili dogs. While he is over the grill, he is told a tale of chaos, violence and disorder perpetuated by undying people(?)...

With the spread of mobile augmented reality, it has become very difficult to consider digital space and physical space independently. In this book, the authors identify and discuss the state 'Second Offline' which refers to a real-world environment whose elements are augmented by virtual information and one in which individuals are constantly referring to the online world. 'Second Offline' is observed across a wide range of social contexts and the relationship between superimposed digital online information and physical offline information is increasingly important. This book analyses the cooperative relationship between online and offline and also examines situations where there may be a conflict between these realities. Furthermore, the authors discuss the possibility that in addition to influencing the physical space, the digital world actually causes some of the physical world to be lost. Offering a discussion of the implications of a post-mobile society in which second offline is widespread, this edited collection will be of interest to students, scholars and practitioners working in sociology, mobile media and cultural studies more generally.

For nearly two centuries, Johann Sebastian Bach has been regarded as a cornerstone of Western musical culture. His music inspired subsequent generations of composers and philosophers alike, and continues to capture our imaginations in many ways. Bach studies is part of this picture, often seen as providing excellent examples of musicological scholarship. For The Baroque Masters: Bach, the editor has chosen thirty-three published articles which, in his view, not only represent a broad spectrum of the scholarly discussions on Bach's life and works, but will also facilitate the on-going study of Bach's creative genius. The articles have been selected to ensure that this volume will be considered useful for not only those students who are currently engaging in Bach studies at universities but also for more seasoned Bach scholars as they consider future direction of Bach studies.

The interdisciplinary field of molecular systems biology aims to understand the behavior and mechanisms of biological processes composed of individual molecular components. As we gain more qualitative and quantitative information of complex intracellular processes, biochemical modeling and simulation become indispensable not only to uncover the molecular mechanisms of the processes, but to perform useful predictions. To this end, the E-Cell System, a multi-algorithm, multi-timescale object-oriented simulation platform, can be used to construct predictive virtual biological systems. Gene regulatory and biochemical networks that constitute a sub- or a whole cellular system can be constructed using the E-Cell System to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses. The purpose of E-Cell System: Basic Concepts and Applications is to provide a comprehensive guide for the E-Cell System version 3 in terms of the software features and its usage. While the publicly available E-Cell Simulation Environment version 3 User's Manual provides the technical details of model building and scripting, it does not describe some of the underlying concepts of the E-Cell System. The first part of the book addresses this issue by providing the basic concepts of modeling and simulation with the E-Cell System.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Algorithms and Computation, WALCOM 2015, held in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in February 2015. The 26 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on approximation algorithms, data structures and algorithms, computational geometry, combinatorial algorithms, distributed and online algorithms, graph drawing and algorithms, combinatorial problems and complexity, and graph enumeration and algorithms.

This book presents theories and techniques for perception of textures by computer. Texture is a homogeneous visual pattern that we perceive in surfaces of objects such as textiles, tree barks or stones. Texture analysis is one of the first important steps in computer vision since texture provides important cues to recognize real-world objects. A major part of the book is devoted to two-dimensional analysis of texture patterns by extracting statistical and structural features. It also deals with the shape-from-texture problem which addresses recovery of the three-dimensional surface shapes based on the geometry of projection of the surface texture to the image plane. Perception is still largely mysterious. Realizing a computer vision system that can work in the real world requires more research and ex periment. Capability of textural perception is a key component. We hope this book will contribute to the advancement of computer vision toward robust, useful systems. vVe would like to express our appreciation to Professor Takeo Kanade at Carnegie Mellon University for his encouragement and help in writing this book; to the members of Computer Vision Section at Electrotechni cal Laboratory for providing an excellent research environment; and to Carl W. Harris at Kluwer Academic Publishers for his help in preparing the manuscript."

These letters tell the story of a young American woman of Japanese descent who, along with over 10,000 other Japanese Americans, was stranded in Japan during World War II.

Because stroke is essentially a disease of the vessels and blood flow, the most fundamental aspects of ischemic blood flow in the brain are under investigation by researchers. Their work was the focus of the sixth in the series of Keio University International Symposia for Life Sciences and Medicine, held in Tokyo in 1999. Selected here are 55 papers from the symposium, covering the buffy coat (glycocalyx) of endothelial cells, the blood-brain barrier and permeability, gene expression, vascular reactivity, dysregulation, inflammatory deterioration, cortical spreading depression, edema, microvascular derangement, and pathology, in ten major sections. The book includes the thought-provoking discussions that followed the presentations, thus providing an invaluable source of up-to-date information not only for researchers investigating microcirculation but also for clinicians implementing the most effective treatment for stroke patients.

The Generalized LR parsing algorithm (some call it "Tomita's algorithm") was originally developed in 1985 as a part of my Ph.D thesis at Carnegie Mellon University. When I was a graduate student at CMU, I tried to build a couple of natural language systems based on existing parsing methods. Their parsing speed, however, always bothered me. I sometimes wondered whether it was ever possible to build a natural language parser that could parse reasonably long sentences in a reasonable time without help from large mainframe machines. At the same time, I was always amazed by the speed of programming language compilers, because they can parse very long sentences (i.e., programs) very quickly even on workstations. There are two reasons. First, programming languages are considerably simpler than natural languages. And secondly, they have very efficient parsing methods, most notably LR. The LR parsing algorithm first precompiles a grammar into an LR parsing table, and at the actual parsing time, it performs shift-reduce parsing guided deterministically by the parsing table. So, the key to the LR efficiency is the grammar precompilation; something that had never been tried for natural languages in 1985. Of course, there was a good reason why LR had never been applied for natural languages; it was simply impossible. If your context-free grammar is sufficiently more complex than programming languages, its LR parsing table will have multiple actions, and deterministic parsing will be no longer possible.