Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a declarative problem solving approach, initially tailored to modeling problems in the area of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR). More recently, its attractive combination of a rich yet simple modeling language with high-performance solving capacities has sparked interest in many other areas even beyond KRR. This book presents a practical introduction to ASP, aiming at using ASP languages and systems for solving application problems. Starting from the essential formal foundations, it introduces ASP's solving technology, modeling language and methodology, while illustrating the overall solving process by practical examples. Table of Contents: List of Figures / List of Tables / Motivation / Introduction / Basic modeling / Grounding / Characterizations / Solving / Systems / Advanced modeling / Conclusions

Inconsistency arises in many areas in advanced computing. Often inconsistency is unwanted, for example in the specification for a plan or in sensor fusion in robotics; however, sometimes inconsistency is useful. Whether inconsistency is unwanted or useful, there is a need to develop tolerance to inconsistency in application technologies such as databases, knowledge bases, and software systems. To address this situation, inconsistency tolerance is being built on foundational technologies for identifying and analyzing inconsistency in information, for representing and reasoning with inconsistent information, for resolving inconsistent information, and for merging inconsistent information.

The idea for this book arose out of a Dagstuhl Seminar on the topic held in summer 2003. The nine chapters in this first book devoted to the subject of inconsistency tolerance were carefully invited and anonymously reviewed. The book provides an exciting introduction to this new field.

Reasoning with incomplete information constitutes a major challenge for any intelligent system. In fact, we expect such systems not to become paralyzed by missing information but rather to arrive at plausible results by bridging the gaps in the information available.
A versatile way of reasoning in the absence of information is to reason by default. This book aims at providing formal and practical means for automating reasoning with incomplete information by starting from the approach taken by the framework of default logic. For this endeavor, a bridge is spanned between formal semantics, over systems for default reasoning, to efficient implementation.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning (LPNMR 2009), held during September 14-18, 2009 in Potsdam, Germany. LPNMR is a forum for exchanging ideas on declarative logic programming, nonmonotonic reasoning and knowledge representation. The aim of the c- ference is to facilitate interaction between researchers interested in the design and implementation of logic-based programming languages and database s- tems, and researchers who work in the areas of knowledge representation and nonmonotonic reasoning. LPNMR strives to encompass theoretical and expe- mental studies that have led or will lead to the construction of practical systems for declarative programming and knowledge representation. The special theme of LPNMR 2009 was "Applications of Logic Progr- ming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning" in general and "Answer Set Programming (ASP)" in particular. LPNMR 2009 aimed at providing a comprehensive survey of the state of the art of ASP/LPNMR applications. The special theme was re?ected by dedicating an entire dayof the conference to applications. Apart from special sessions devoted to original and signi?cant ASP/LPNMR applications, we solicited contributions providing an overview of existing successful applications of ASP/LPNMR systems. The presentations on applications were accompanied by two panels, one on existing and another on future applications of ASP/LPNMR.

Das Gebiet der Wissensprasentation und Inferenz umfasst einen zentralen Bereich der Intellektik, d.h. des Gebietes der Kunstlichen Intelligenz und der Kognitionswissenschaft. Es behandelt einerseits die Fragen nach einer formalen Beschreibung von Wissen jeglicher Art, besonders unter dem Aspekt einer maschinellen Verarbeitung in modernen Computern. Andererseits versucht es, das Alltagsschliessen des Menschen so zu formalisieren, dass logische Schlusse auch von Maschinen ausgefuhrt werden konnten. Das Buch gibt eine ausfuhrliche Einfuhrung in dieses umfangreiche Gebiet. Dem Studenten dient es im Rahmen einer solchen Vorlesung oder zum Selbststudium als umfassende Unterlage, und der Praktiker zieht einen grossen Gewinn aus der Lekture dieses modernen Stoffes, der in dieser Breite bisher nicht verfugbar war. Daruber hinaus leistet das Buch einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Forschung dadurch, dass viele Ansatze auf diesem Gebiet in ihren inneren Bezugen in ihrer Bedeutung klarer erkennbar werden und so eine solide Basis fur die zukunftige Forschungsarbeit geschaffen ist. Der Leser ist nach der Lekture dieses Werkes in der Lage, sich mit Details der Wissensprasentation und Inferenz auseinanderzusetzen.