Describing the technologies to combine language resources flexibly as web services, this book provides valuable case studies for those who work in services computing, language resources, human-computer interaction (HCI), computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), and service science. The authors have been operating the Language Grid, which wraps existing language resources as atomic language services and enables users to compose new services by combining them. From architecture level to service composition level, the book explains how to resolve infrastructural and operational difficulties in sharing and combining language resources, including interoperability of language service infrastructures, various types of language service policies, human services, and service failures.The research based on the authors' operating experiences of handling complicated issues such as intellectual property and interoperability of language resources contributes to exploitation of language resources as a service. On the other hand, both the analysis based on using services and the design of new services can bring significant results. A new style of multilingual communication supported by language services is worthy of analysis in HCI/CSCW, and the design process of language services is the focus of valuable case studies in service science. By using language resources in different ways based on the Language Grid, many activities are highly regarded by diverse communities. This book consists of four parts: (1) two types of language service platforms to interconnect language services across service grids, (2) various language service composition technologies that improve the reusability, efficiency, and accuracy of composite services, (3) research work and activities in creating language resources and services, and (4) various applications and tools for understanding and designing language services that well support intercultural collaboration.

There is increasing interaction among communities with multiple languages, thus we need services that can effectively support multilingual communication. The Language Grid is an initiative to build an infrastructure that allows end users to create composite language services for intercultural collaboration. The aim is to support communities to create customized multilingual environments by using language services to overcome local language barriers. The stakeholders of the Language Grid are the language resource providers, the language service users, and the language grid operators who coordinate the former.

This book includes 18 chapters in six parts that summarize various research results and associated development activities on the Language Grid. The chapters in Part I describe the framework of the Language Grid, i.e., service-oriented collective intelligence, used to bridge providers, users and operators. Two kinds of software are introduced, the service grid server software and the Language Grid Toolbox, and code for both is available via open source licenses. Part II describes technologies for service workflows that compose atomic language services. Part III reports on research work and activities relating to sharing and using language services. Part IV describes various applications of language services as applicable to intercultural collaboration. Part V contains reports on applying the Language Grid for translation activities, including localization of industrial documents and Wikipedia articles. Finally, Part VI illustrates how the Language Grid can be connected to other service grids, such as DFKI's Heart of Gold and smart classroom services in Tsinghua University in Beijing.

The book will be valuable for researchers in artificial intelligence, natural language processing, services computing and human--computer interaction, particularly those who are interested in bridging technologies and user communities.

"

Autonomous agents or multiagent systems are computational systems in which several computational agents interact or work together to perform some set of tasks. These systems may involve computational agents having common goals or distinct goals. Real-Time Search for Learning Autonomous Agents focuses on extending real-time search algorithms for autonomous agents and for a multiagent world. Although real-time search provides an attractive framework for resource-bounded problem solving, the behavior of the problem solver is not rational enough for autonomous agents. The problem solver always keeps the record of its moves and the problem solver cannot utilize and improve previous experiments. Other problems are that although the algorithms interleave planning and execution, they cannot be directly applied to a multiagent world. The problem solver cannot adapt to the dynamically changing goals and the problem solver cannot cooperatively solve problems with other problem solvers. This book deals with all these issues. Real-Time Search for Learning Autonomous Agents serves as an excellent resource for researchers and engineers interested in both practical references and some theoretical basis for agent/multiagent systems. The book can also be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

This book contains revised selected and invited papers presented at the International Workshop on Massively Multi-Agent Systems, MMAS 2018, held in Stockholm, Sweden, in July 2018. The 7 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. Also included are 3 post-workshop papers. The papers discuss enabling technologies, new architectures, promising applications, and challenges of massively multi-agent systems in the era of IoT. They are organized in the following topical sections: multi-agent systems and Internet of Things; architectures for massively multi-agent systems; and applications of massively multi-agent systems.

Describing the technologies to combine language resources flexibly as web services, this book provides valuable case studies for those who work in services computing, language resources, human-computer interaction (HCI), computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), and service science. The authors have been operating the Language Grid, which wraps existing language resources as atomic language services and enables users to compose new services by combining them. From architecture level to service composition level, the book explains how to resolve infrastructural and operational difficulties in sharing and combining language resources, including interoperability of language service infrastructures, various types of language service policies, human services, and service failures.The research based on the authors' operating experiences of handling complicated issues such as intellectual property and interoperability of language resources contributes to exploitation of language resources as a service. On the other hand, both the analysis based on using services and the design of new services can bring significant results. A new style of multilingual communication supported by language services is worthy of analysis in HCI/CSCW, and the design process of language services is the focus of valuable case studies in service science. By using language resources in different ways based on the Language Grid, many activities are highly regarded by diverse communities. This book consists of four parts: (1) two types of language service platforms to interconnect language services across service grids, (2) various language service composition technologies that improve the reusability, efficiency, and accuracy of composite services, (3) research work and activities in creating language resources and services, and (4) various applications and tools for understanding and designing language services that well support intercultural collaboration.

Here we use the term "field" to refer to a sphere of practical operation, and correspondingly the term "field informatics" describes informatics tools and methodologies that arise in the field. The components of field informatics are description, prediction, design and transfer, and the methods for those components vary widely. For example, we consider the social goal of revitalizing a mountainous area experiencing depopulation and we show how the tools and methodologies of field informatics may be used to describe such situations using remote sensing, biologging, human sensing and ethnography; the effects of various solutions can be predicted using system dynamics and multiagent simulations; the solutions can be designed using inclusive design or participatory design methods; and finally the experience gained can be transferred using case writing and outreach communication. The authors are specialists in diverse areas such as informatics, engineering, agriculture, sociology and pedagogy, and their areas of interest range from environment conservation to social education for international cooperation. They have a particular focus on the environment in southeast Asia and related topics such as large-scale traffic simulations, participatory workshops, inclusive design workshops, distance learning, and intercultural collaboration. This book targets graduate students seeking tools and methodologies for natural observation, field workers engaged in social participation, and researchers and engineers pursuing innovation. The techniques described in the book could also be exploited by government officials to form consensus and develop activities or by non-profit organizations to undertake more effective social programs.

There is increasing interaction among communities with multiple languages, thus we need services that can effectively support multilingual communication. The Language Grid is an initiative to build an infrastructure that allows end users to create composite language services for intercultural collaboration. The aim is to support communities to create customized multilingual environments by using language services to overcome local language barriers. The stakeholders of the Language Grid are the language resource providers, the language service users, and the language grid operators who coordinate the former.

This book includes 18 chapters in six parts that summarize various research results and associated development activities on the Language Grid. The chapters in Part I describe the framework of the Language Grid, i.e., service-oriented collective intelligence, used to bridge providers, users and operators. Two kinds of software are introduced, the service grid server software and the Language Grid Toolbox, and code for both is available via open source licenses. Part II describes technologies for service workflows that compose atomic language services. Part III reports on research work and activities relating to sharing and using language services. Part IV describes various applications of language services as applicable to intercultural collaboration. Part V contains reports on applying the Language Grid for translation activities, including localization of industrial documents and Wikipedia articles. Finally, Part VI illustrates how the Language Grid can be connected to other service grids, such as DFKI's Heart of Gold and smart classroom services in Tsinghua University in Beijing.

The book will be valuable for researchers in artificial intelligence, natural language processing, services computing and human--computer interaction, particularly those who are interested in bridging technologies and user communities.

"

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, PAAMS 2013, held in Salamanca, Spain, in May 2013. The 14 revised full papers and 9 short papers presented together with 16 demonstrations were carefully reviewed and selected from 70 submissions. The papers report on the application and validation of agent-based models, methods, and technologies in a number of key application areas, including: agents for real world problems; crowd modeling and analysis; decision making and discovery; interaction with artificial agents; mobility, ubiquity and clouds; (multi-)agent design technology; and simulation and organization.

Autonomous agents or multiagent systems are computational systems in which several computational agents interact or work together to perform some set of tasks. These systems may involve computational agents having common goals or distinct goals. Real-Time Search for Learning Autonomous Agents focuses on extending real-time search algorithms for autonomous agents and for a multiagent world. Although real-time search provides an attractive framework for resource-bounded problem solving, the behavior of the problem solver is not rational enough for autonomous agents. The problem solver always keeps the record of its moves and the problem solver cannot utilize and improve previous experiments. Other problems are that although the algorithms interleave planning and execution, they cannot be directly applied to a multiagent world. The problem solver cannot adapt to the dynamically changing goals and the problem solver cannot cooperatively solve problems with other problem solvers. This book deals with all these issues. Real-Time Search for Learning Autonomous Agents serves as an excellent resource for researchers and engineers interested in both practical references and some theoretical basis for agent/multiagent systems. The book can also be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

This book presents 29 revised invited and selected lectures given by top-researchers at the First International Workshop on Intercultural Collaboration, IWIC 2007, held in Kyoto, Japan. This state-of-the-art survey increases mutual understanding in our multicultural world by featuring collaboration support, social psychological analyses of intercultural interaction, and case studies from field workers.

In the era of ubiquitous computing and networking, millions of electronic devices with computing facilities in the public space are connected with each other in ad hoc ways, but are required to behave coherently. Massively multi-agent systems, MMAS can be a major design paradigm or an implementation method for ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence. As the infrastructure of massively multi-agent systems, technologies such as grid computing together with semantic annotation can be combined with agent technology. A new system design approach, society-centered design, may be realized by embedding participatory technologies in human society.

This book originates from the First International Workshop on Massively Multi-Agent Systems, MMAS 2004, held in Kyoto, Japan in December 2004. The 25 revised full selected and invited papers give an excellent introduction and overview on massively multi-agent systems. The papers are organized in parts on massively multi-agent technology, teams and organization, ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence, and massively multi-agent systems in the public space.

This book presents revised full papers contributed to the Second Kyoto Workshop on Digital Cities, held in Kyoto, Japan, in October 2001.The 29 thoroughly reviewed papers presented together with an introduction are organized in topcial sections on- concepts and theory- politics of the digitial city movement- examples of digital cities- evaluations- architectures for digital cities- technologies for digital cities

The past few years have witnessed rapid scienti?c and technological devel- ments in human-centered, seamless computing environments, interfaces, de- ces, and systems with applications ranging from business and communication to entertainment and learning. These developments are collectively best charac- rized as Active Media Technology (AMT), a new area of information technology and computer science that emphasizes the proactive, seamless roles of interfaces and systems as well as new digital media in all aspects of human life. This - lume contains the papers presented at the Sixth International Computer Science Conference: Active Media Technology (AMT 2001), the ?rst conference of its kind, capturing the state of research and development in AMT and the latest architectures, prototypes, tools, and ?elded systems that demonstrate or enable AMT. The volume is organized into the following eight parts: I. Smart Digital - dia; II. Web Personalization; III. Active Interfaces; IV. Autonomous Agent - proaches; V. Facial Image Processing; VI. AMT-Supported Commerce, Business, Learning, and Health Care; VII. Tools and Techniques; and VIII. Algorithms.

On the way towards the Information Society, global networks such as the Internet, together with mobile computing, have made wide-area computing over virtual communities a reality. Digital city projects, with the goal of building platforms to support community networking, are going on worldwide. This is the first book devoted to digital cities. It is based on an international symposium held in Kyoto, Japan, in September 1999. The 34 revised full papers presented were carefully selected for inclusion in the book; they reflect the state of the art in this exciting new field of interdisciplinary research and development. The book is divided into parts on design and analysis, digital city experiments, community network experiments, applications, visualization technologies, mobile technologies, and social interaction and communityware.

Autonomousagents andmultiagentsystems are computationalsystems inwhich several (semi-)autonomous agents interact each other or work together to p- form some set of tasks or satisfy some set of goals. These systems may involve computationalagents that are homogeneous or heterogeneous, they may involve activities on the part of agents having common goals or distinct goals, and they may involve participation on the part of humans and intelligent agents. The increase of agent research activities can be observed in the series of ICMAS (- ternational Conference of Multi-Agent Systems). In ICMAS'95,209participants were there. At ICMAS'96, the number increased to282, and atICMAS'98, there were 552participants. Thoughwealready haveseveral workshopsinAsia Paci c countries, such as MACC (Multiagent Systems and Cooperative Computation) in Japan from 1991 and Australian Workshop on Distributed Artic ial Int- ligence from 1995, there is not enough interaction so far among the countries compared to Europe and Americas. PRIMA'98 is the First Pacic Rim International Workshop related to - tonomous agents and multiagent systems. The aim of this workshop is to - courage activities in this e ld, and to bring together Pacic Rim researchers withagents and multiagentissues. The objective of this workshopis to assemble theoreticians and practitioners concerned with developing autonomous agents and multiagent systems. Unlikeusual conferences, however, since this is the rst agent-related international workshop in Asia Paci c countries, participation is byinvitationonlyand is limitedto professionals who have made signi cantc- tributionsto thetopicsoftheworkshop. Thecontributionsincludetechnical p- sentations, progress reports and so on.

This article discusses the community metaphor as the next stage of network computing. The first meeting in Kyoto was blessed with lovely weather. Though we did not organize a formal committee for this meeting, a number of social and computer scientists joined. Since the meeting was semi closed, besides a variety of invited presentations, a number of papers were submitted to the meeting from the US, Europe and Pacific Rim countries. The mixture of invited and selected papers made the meeting moderately open and attractive. Most of presentations made at the meeting are included in this volume. We also had plenty of discussion time during the meeting. Some of the discussion results are also included. From these papers, readers can get a clear image of the actual meeting. I would like to express my great appreciation of the co organizers, Toyoaki Nishida, Takao Terano and Fumio Hattori and all the participants who contributed to the meeting. I also wish to thank the local arrangement people of the meeting: they are Toshikazu Nishimura, Hirofumi Yamaki, Hideyuki Nakanishi, Keiki Takadama, Shoko Miyagawa and Yoko Kubota. Special thanks to Hirofumi Yamaki and Masayuki Okamoto, who did tremendous work for editing this volume. I also thank Andre Durand for a discussion on the ter co mmmu nityware. Though we have independently used this term, it appears that the term is a trademark of Durand Communication Inc.

This monograph coherently presents a series of research results on concurrent production systems recently contributed by the author and several co-authors.
Before going into the details of concurrent production systems the performance of a single system is discussed. Based on these considerations it is explained how to estimate the efficiency of production systems programs and how to automatically determine efficient join structures. Parallel systems, including algorithms for parallel rule firings, distributed systems under distributed control, and particularly multiagent production systems and the related control issues are investigated. Finally a meta-level control architecture is applied to the construction of the multiagent system CoCo for public telecommunication network control.

In the light of upcoming global issues, concerning population, energy, the environment, and food, information and communication technologies are required to overcome difficulties in communication among cultures. In this context, the First International Conference on Culture and Computing, which was held in Kyoto, Japan, in February 2010, was conceived as a collection of symposia, panels, workshops, exhibitions, and guided tours intended to share issues, activities, and research results regarding culture and computing. This volume includes 17 invited and selected papers dealing with state-of-the-art topics in culturally situated agents, intercultural collaboration and support systems, culture and computing for art and heritage, as well as culture and computing within regional communities.