The surface transportation system is vital to our nation's economy, defense, and quality of life. Because threats against the system have hitherto been perceived as minor, little attention has been paid to its security. But the world is changing, as highlighted by dramatic incidents such as the terrorist chemical attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995. As a consequence, security concerns are now attracting more attention?appropriately so, for the threat is real, and responding to it is hard. Although the surface transportation system is remarkably resilient, it is also open and decentralized, making a security response challenging. Research and development can contribute to that response in important ways. Some important themes emerge from analysis of this strategy. First, a dual-use approach, in which security objectives are furthered at the same time as other transportation goals, can encourage the implementation of security technologies and processes. Second, modeling could be used more to develop a better understanding of the scope of the security problem. Third, DOT can play an important role in developing and disseminating information about best practices that use existing technologies and processes, including low-technology alternatives. Finally, security should be considered as part of a broader picture, not a wholly new and different problem but one that is similar and closely connected to the transportation community's previous experience in responding to accidents, natural disasters, and hazardous materials. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1 Introduction and Background 2 Assessing Vulnerability 3 Establishing a Research and Development Strategy 4 Applying the Methodology: Some Specific Research and Development Topics 5 A Vision for the Future References Appendix A: Background on Systems Theory Appendix B: The Likely Course of Development of Chemical and Biological Attacks Biographical Sketches of Committee Members

The regulation of carbon monoxide has been one of the great success stories in air pollution control. While more than 90 percent of the locations with carbon monoxide monitors were in violation in 1971, today the number of monitors showing violations has fallen to only a few, on a small number of days and mainly in areas with unique meteorological and topographical conditions. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1. Ambient Carbon Monoxide Pollution in the United States 2. Contributions of Topography, Meteorology, and Human Activity to Carbon Monoxide Concentrations 3. Management of Carbon Monoxide Air Quality 4. The Future of Carbon Monoxide Air Quality Management References Glossary Appendix A: Biographical Information on the Committee on Carbon Monoxide Episodes in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas Appendix B: Abbreviations and Names Used for Classifying Organic Compounds Appendix C: A Simple Box Model with Recirculation

As recently as the summer of 2001, many travelers were dreading air transportation because of extensive delays associated with undercapacity of the system. That all changed on 9/11, and demand for air transportation has not yet returned to peak levels. Most U.S. airlines continue to struggle for survival, and some have filed for bankruptcy. The situation makes it difficult to argue that strong action is urgently needed to avert a crisis of undercapacity in the air transportation system. This report assesses the visions and goals for U.S. civil aviation and technology goals for the year 2050. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1. Foundation for Change 2. Improving Air Transportation System 3. System Modeling and Simulation 4. Improving Aircraft Performance 5. Process for Change Findings, Recommendations, and the Big Question Appendix A: Statement of Task and Study Approach Appendix B: Comparative Assessment of Goals and Visions Appendix C: Biographies of Committee Members Appendix D: Propulsion Taxonomy: Comments on Propulsion Fundamentals Appendix E: Four Levels of Models Appendix F: Acronyms and Abbreviations

The FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership is a collaborative effort among the Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Council for Automotive Research (USCAR), and five major energy companies to manage research that will enable the vision of "a clean and sustainable transportation energy future." It envisions a transition from more efficient internal combustion engines (ICEs), to advanced ICE hybrid electric vehicles, to enabling a private-sector decision by 2015 on hydrogen-fueled vehicle development. This report, which builds on an earlier NRC report, The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs, presents an evaluation of the Partnership's research efforts on hydrogen-fueled transportation systems, and provides findings and recommendations about technical directions, strategies, funding, and management. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Major Crosscutting Issues 3 Vehicle Subsystems 4 Hydrogen Production, Delivery, and Dispensing 5 Overall Assessment Appendix A U.S. Council for Automotive Research (USCAR) Consortia Appendix B Organization Chart for the U.S. Department of Energy?s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (as of August 2004) Appendix C Biographical Sketches of Committee Members Appendix D Presentations and Committee Meetings Appendix E Participants in Hydrogen Storage Projects for FY04 and FY05 Appendix F Acronyms and Abbreviations

TRB Special Report 207: Transportation Professionals: Future Needs and Opportunities Aware assesses future professional needs in highway and mass transit agencies in federal, state, and local government. This study also examines the role of consulting firms in satisfying the future professional requirements of highway and transit agencies. A large number of professionals who entered highway and mass transit organizations during the past 30 years are expected to retire soon, particularly those who helped build the nation's Interstate system. Unless there is careful planning, this loss of professional capability could impair the ability of these agencies to maintain the nations's transportation system effectively.

Weather has broad and significant effects on the roadway environment. Snow, rain, fog, ice, freezing rain, and other weather conditions can impair the ability of drivers to operate their vehicles safely, significantly reduce roadway capacity, and dramatically increase travel times. Multiple roadway activities, from roadway maintenance and construction to shipping, transit, and police operations, are directly affected by inclement weather. Some road weather information is available to users currently, however a disconnect remains between current research and operations, and additional research could yield important safety and economic improvements for roadway users. Meteorology, roadway technology, and vehicle systems have evolved to the point where users could be provided with better road weather information through modern information technologies. The combination of these technologies has the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of roadway operations, road capacity, and road safety. Where the Weather Meets the Road provides a roadmap for moving these concepts to reality. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 The Road Weather System of the Future 3 Current Meteorological and Transportation Activities Relevant to Road Weather 4 Opportunities to Enhance the Road Weather System 5 Implementing Improved Road Weather Research and Management Programs Closing Thoughts References Appendix A: Statement of Task Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff Appendix C: Presentations to the Committee