This book considers the origins, performance and diffusion of national immigration policies targeting highly skilled immigrants. Unlike asylum seekers and immigrants admitted under family reunification streams, highly skilled immigrants are typically cast as "wanted and welcome" as a consequence of their potential economic contribution to the receiving society and putative assimilability. Testing the degree to which this assumption holds is the principle aim of this book. In contrast to publications which see highly skilled immigration as functional response to labor market needs, the book probes the political and sociological dimensions of policy, drawing on contributions from an international group of established and new scholars from the fields of history, law, political science, sociology, and public policy. The book is organized into four parts. Part I probes the origins of post-WWII immigration policies in Canada, Australia, and the United States. Part II analyzes recent debates on highly skilled immigration policy in the United States, whose origins go back to the 1965 Act by Congress which favored family reunification over skilled immigration. Part III considers the degree to which highly skilled immigrants are welcome, by focusing on the integration trajectories of foreign trained professionals in Canada. Paradoxically, just as Canada has succeeded in orienting its admissions system more explicitly toward privileging highly educated and skilled professionals, highly skilled immigrants have experienced worsening economic outcomes as reflected in rates of unemployment and falling earnings. Part IV considers the internationalization of highly skilled immigration policies, focusing on Europe's most important immigration countries, Germany and Britain. As is true in Canada, the labor market outcomes for highly skilled immigrants in Europe are disappointing, and the final chapter discusses why this is the case and what might be done to improve matters. Given its combination of cross-disciplinary insights, cross-national comparisons, and empirical richness, the book will be of interest to both scholars and policymakers concerned with immigration policy.

This book considers the origins, performance and diffusion of national immigration policies targeting highly skilled immigrants. Unlike asylum seekers and immigrants admitted under family reunification streams, highly skilled immigrants are typically cast as "wanted and welcome" as a consequence of their potential economic contribution to the receiving society and putative assimilability. Testing the degree to which this assumption holds is the principle aim of this book. In contrast to publications which see highly skilled immigration as functional response to labor market needs, the book probes the political and sociological dimensions of policy, drawing on contributions from an international group of established and new scholars from the fields of history, law, political science, sociology, and public policy. The book is organized into four parts. Part I probes the origins of post-WWII immigration policies in Canada, Australia, and the United States. Part II analyzes recent debates on highly skilled immigration policy in the United States, whose origins go back to the 1965 Act by Congress which favored family reunification over skilled immigration. Part III considers the degree to which highly skilled immigrants are welcome, by focusing on the integration trajectories of foreign trained professionals in Canada. Paradoxically, just as Canada has succeeded in orienting its admissions system more explicitly toward privileging highly educated and skilled professionals, highly skilled immigrants have experienced worsening economic outcomes as reflected in rates of unemployment and falling earnings. Part IV considers the internationalization of highly skilled immigration policies, focusing on Europe's most important immigration countries, Germany and Britain. As is true in Canada, the labor market outcomes for highly skilled immigrants in Europe are disappointing, and the final chapter discusses why this is the case and what might be done to improve matters. Given its combination of cross-disciplinary insights, cross-national comparisons, and empirical richness, the book will be of interest to both scholars and policymakers concerned with immigration policy.

Across the globe, more and more people now live in cities, be it through the movement of domestic populations from hinterlands or via
international migration. Cities are increasingly subject to significant pluralization, and the challenges of ethnic and national diversity have
become distinctively urban issues.

This book offers answers to some of the most pressing questions of
our day: Is globalization drawing urban populations together or tearing
them apart? Does immigration exacerbate or ameliorate existing ethnic
and nationalist conflicts in divided cities? Can institutional design
help decision makers engender integration in diverse and contested
urban settings, or are such interventions counterproductive?
Contributors analyze the conditions under which cities from a broad
range of geographical regions serve as sites of ethnic and national
discord or amity. Particular attention is paid to the influence of
economic globalization, cities' entrenched ethno-linguistic
configurations, and urban political institutions.

"Segmented Cities?" provides a timely analysis of how the
forces of urbanization and pluralization are shaping the world's
urban centres. It also provides valuable insights into what can be done
to encourage cities to act as vectors of integration and dialogue
rather than conflict and segmentation.

Kristin R. Good is an associate professor of political
science at Dalhousie University. Luc Turgeon is an
assistant professor of political studies at the University of Ottawa.
Triadafilos Triadafilopoulos is an associate professor
of political science at the University of Toronto Scarborough.

In a world of nation-states, international migration raisesquestions of membership: Should foreigners be admitted to the nationalspace? If so, according to what criteria and for what ends? And shouldthey and their children be granted citizenship? Canada andGermany's responses to these questions during the first half ofthe twentieth century consisted of discriminatory immigration andcitizenship policies aimed at harnessing migration for economic endswhile minimizing its costs. Yet, by the end of the century, theadmission, settlement, and incorporation of previously excluded groupshad transformed both countries into highly diverse multiculturalsocieties.

"Becoming Multicultural" explains how this remarkable shiftcame about. Triadafilopoulos argues that world-historical events andepoch-defining processes -- including the Holocaust, decolonization, and the emergence of global human rights culture -- gave rise to amarkedly different normative context after the Second World War. Thesechanges in global norms made the maintenance of established membershipregimes difficult to defend, opening the way for the liberalization ofCanada and Germany's immigration and citizenship policies.

Combining sophisticated theoretical reflection and careful empiricalanalysis, this thought-provoking book sheds light on the dynamics ofmembership politics and policy making in contemporaryliberal-democratic countries.

Triadafilos Triadafilopoulos is an assistant professorof Political Science at the University of Toronto Scarborough.