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Beyond Survival: Protecting Households from Health Shocks in Latin
America breaks new ground in the ongoing debate about health
finance and financial protection from the costs of health care. The
evidence and discussion support the need to consider financial
protection, in addition to health status, as a policy objective
when setting priorities for health systems.
This book reviews the Latin American experience with health reform
in the last 20 years and the fundamentals of health system
financing, using new evidence to show the magnitude and mechanisms
that determine the impoverishing effects of health events
(diseases, accidents, and those of the life cycle). It provides
options for policy makers on how to protect, and help households to
protect themselves, against this impoverishment.
The authors use empirical evidence from six case studies
commissioned for this report, on Argentina, Chile, Columbia,
Ecuador, Honduras, and Mexico. This book provides policy makers
with a solid conceptual basis for decisions on the contents of
mandatory health insurance benefit packages, choices of financing
mechanisms, and the roles of public policy in this field.
Beyond Survival provides an in-depth analysis of, and
organizational alternatives for, risk pooling and health insurance
for financial protection. It analyzes the urgent need to extend
risk pooling to the informal sector, the challenges for current
social insurance arrangements, and options for policy makers to
effectively extend risk pooling to the informal sector.
Beyond Survival: Protecting Households from Health Shocks in Latin
America breaks new ground in the ongoing debate about health
finance and financial protection from the costs of health care. The
evidence and discussion support the need to consider financial
protection, in addition to health status, as a policy objective
when setting priorities for health systems.
This book reviews the Latin American experience with health reform
in the last 20 years and the fundamentals of health system
financing, using new evidence to show the magnitude and mechanisms
that determine the impoverishing effects of health events
(diseases, accidents, and those of the life cycle). It provides
options for policy makers on how to protect, and help households to
protect themselves, against this impoverishment.
The authors use empirical evidence from six case studies
commissioned for this report, on Argentina, Chile, Columbia,
Ecuador, Honduras, and Mexico. This book provides policy makers
with a solid conceptual basis for decisions on the contents of
mandatory health insurance benefit packages, choices of financing
mechanisms, and the roles of public policy in this field.
Beyond Survival provides an in-depth analysis of, and
organizational alternatives for, risk pooling and health insurance
for financial protection. It analyzes the urgent need to extend
risk pooling to the informal sector, the challenges for current
social insurance arrangements, and options for policy makers to
effectively extend risk pooling to the informal sector.
What to do about the extent of unregulated informal employment and
the size of the shadow economy is a dilemma that has been gaining
urgency, particularly in Europe's periphery. The forces that
accompany globalization put a premium on mobility and
skill-renewal. Rapid population ageing will require that people
work longer and be far more productive. To achieve this, social and
economic institutions have to be more pro-employment, encouraging
greater participation in the formal economy. And looking ahead,
public financial resources will be increasingly scarce, giving
urgency to measures that can significantly and sustainably increase
tax revenue. This book is about workers in Europe who earn a living
working full or part-time in untaxed markets for goods, services
and labor. Their activities are not registered as part of the
economy, and because they go unrecorded, they are also unregulated.
This makes them illegal although not in essence criminal. Some call
this the underground economy, black market or the shadow economy.
Widespread informal employment in the shadow economy posses
problems for individuals and their families, but it is also a
problem for firms and society. This volume presents the rationale
and steps policy makers in the EU's newest member countries should
take to bring as much economic activity in from the shadow economy
as they can. The authors venture a general conclusion: Although it
may be necessary to improve the structural incentives created by
the structure of taxation, labor market regulation, and social
protection policies, doing so is not sufficient to achieve real
improvement. As important, is a government's credibility in the
eyes of working people in carrying out the state s unique and
critical role of providing and maintaining public goods. The
process of improving governance and increasing institutional
credibility is long and difficult, but key to changing the
circumstances that lead people into the shadowy unregulated and
untaxed markets. Deriving specific policy guidance and
recommendations from rigorous analysis using administrative and
unit-level survey data the book draws a set of general policy
suggestions for EU members, old and new, as well as those who
aspire to join the Union. Although aimed specifically at emerging
Europe, this policy guidance will resonate with decision makers in
middle and upper-middle income countries in other parts of the
world."
Empirical analysis of two decades of pioneering pension and social
security reform in Latin America and the Caribbean shows that much
has been achieved, but that critical challenges remain. In tackling
this unfinished agenda, a great deal can be learned from the reform
experience of countries in the region. Keeping the Promise,
produced by the chief economist's office in the Latin America and
Caribbean Region at the World Bank, evaluates policy reforms in 12
countries, points to successes and shortcomings, and proposes
priorities and options for future reform. ""Keeping the Promise
provides a timely assessment of two decades of pension reform
experience-with a wealth of new data, and empirical evaluation of
reformed social security systems. Many economists and policymakers
will not be persuaded by some of the main conclusions and
recommendations-such as the supposed failure to increase coverage,
and the call for strengthening a pay-as-you-go defined-benefit
scheme for poverty prevention-but they will welcome the book's
critical appraisal. This is required reading for pension
specialists and policymakers in Latin America and beyond.""-Klaus
Schmidt-Hebbel, Chief of Economic Research, Central Bank of Chile
""A heavyweight analysis of the Latin American pension revolution
which raises important questions about the optimal scale of
compulsory saving when redesigning pension systems. "" -Paul
Wallace, The Economist
This report focuses on the challenge of youth engagement in school
and at work. It shows that youth prospects in the labor market are
dimmed by policies favoring existing workers. Also, youth are often
ill equipped to meet an increasingly challenging labor market. The
report discusses new policies, targeted at youth, that Brazil could
prioritize.
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